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標題: | 考量ISO 26262功能安全需求之馬達驅控器可靠度分析 Reliability Analysis of a Motor Control Unit in Consideration of Functional Safety Requirements of ISO 26262 |
作者: | Hsin-Wei Huang 黃信維 |
指導教授: | 吳文方(Wen-Fang Wu) |
關鍵字: | ISO 26262,馬達驅控器,性能模擬,故障,失效,功能安全,可靠度, ISO 26262,motor control unit,performance simulation,fault,failure,functional safety,reliability, |
出版年 : | 2015 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 由於汽車電子/電機系統專用功能性安全標準ISO 26262預計於今(2015)年納入歐規,電動車整車及元件安全需求問題備受各界重視與討論。為幫助國內電動車相關產業能順利與國際接軌,本論文探討ISO 26262所載「硬體次系統層級」中之可靠度問題,並進行相關分析。文中採用國內某機構製造的馬達驅控器作為研究對象,以Matlab/Simulink軟體進行驅控器性能模擬,其結果可提供後續可靠度分析使用。分析中採用馬可夫隨機過程,模擬驅控器系統內元件相繼可能發生的故障
,而後依據系統不同的容錯(Fault Tolerance)能力,來量化系統可靠度及平均失效時間,藉以探討驅控器是否滿足ISO 26262所要求隨機硬體失效之安全等級。本論文使用美軍可靠度手冊來計算元件失效率,並且以系統平均失效率作為系統安全等級之檢驗。此外,本論文也針對系統內部元件進行敏感度分析,探討系統弱點之所在。文中還分析各元件不同故障模式之失效率與系統平均失效率的關連性,並探討不同感測器故障數值對系統平均失效時間的影響。本論文分析結果發現,速度感測器為馬達驅控器最關鍵的元件,適當降低速度感測器的失效率,系統平均失效時間最大可達102.7年;如果同時降低速度感測器與電流感測器的失效率,可使系統安全等級符合ISO 26262的要求;因此適度提升速度感測器的可靠度對於馬達驅控器而言,有其必要性。 The safety issue of an electric vehicle and components has attracted intensive attention and discussions worldwide. To assure the safety of electrical/electronic systems and components of an electric vehicle, the International Organization for Standardization has developed and issued ISO 26262 recently. The standard is expected to be brought into EU regulation this year. To let domestic manufacturers of electrical/electronic components understand more about ISO 26262 and demonstrate to them a way to implement ISO 26262, a motor control unit to be used in an electric vehicle was taken as an example and related research was carried out in this thesis. First, the dynamic performance of the motor control unit (considered as a system) was simulated using Matlab/Simulink software. Based on the study of fault tolerance of the system, failures of components which result in failure of the system were found. A Markov process model was established for analyzing the reliability of the system. Sensitivity study was performed to investigate how the component failures would affect the system reliability. Numerical analysis was performed based on performance simulation result as well as components failure rates documented in the US military reliability handbook. The result indicates the mean time to failure (MTTF) of the studied motor control unit is 102.7 year and the speed sensor is the most critical component of the system. It also shows that by reducing both speed sensor’s and current sensor’s failure rates, the motor control unit can reach the functional safety level required by ISO 26262. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/54585 |
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顯示於系所單位: | 機械工程學系 |
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