自行車旅行路線設計模式

Abstract

健康、樂活、資源再利用等理念逐漸成為觀光旅行的趨勢。為了改善機動運具造成的交通擁擠、環境汙染及能源消耗等問題，低汙染、低耗能的自行車逐漸受到各國政府的重視。由於，社會背景的改變以及環境意識的高漲，更促進了自行車旅行的發展。自行車旅行在歐美的發展已有一段時間，受到國外自行車觀光產業的影響，國內的自行車旅行人口數在近年內也快速的增長。現行自行車旅行缺乏有系統的路線設計工具，過去路線設計的學術研究主要以機動運具的車輛途程問題為主，較少針對自行車發展數學規劃模式。因此基於滿足實務需要以及填補學術缺口，本研究目的為發展一套自行車旅行路線設計模式。 模式建構首先透過文獻回顧歸納影響自行車旅行的重要因素，並訂定決策問題；繼而進行重要關係者深度訪談以釐清不同角度對於自行車旅行的看法，修正並歸納自行車旅行的重要因素後，將其轉化為多目標數學規劃模式。本模式的目標為：路線適宜性最大化、環境適宜性最大化以及旅行距離最小化。同時考慮以下限制：旅行時間、旅行花費、時間窗、流量守恆、過夜點必須在有經過的候選路段上以及決策變數域值宣告。模式求解使用權重法，並以Lingo15.0x64軟體中的Global Solver功能求解。本研究選定台灣東部區域作為實例分析區域，設定五天四夜的自行車旅行，並針對四位不同偏好的旅行者進行設計，以檢驗模式可應用性。 實例分析規劃結果發現，自行車旅行路線規劃結果可滿足不同偏好的自行車旅行者在目標式和限制式上的需求，且自行車旅行路線皆具有連續性。情境分析的結果發現，自行車旅行路線規劃結果不僅能夠針對不同路線、環境和旅行距離需求進行模式的調整，還可針對不同旅行成本需求調整模式以滿足各種不同消費族群的需求。本研究成果在學術上的貢獻，為第一個使用數學規劃進行自行車旅行路徑設計的研究，實例分析過程可做為其他相關研究做參考；實務上的貢獻，為提供自助或團體自行車旅行者進行路線設計時的參考工具。

The interest of general public in recreational bicycling has grown globally in the past decade and increasing governments promote bicycle travels to solve the problems of traffic congestion, environment pollution and energy consumption. Responding to the global trend, bike traveling is also getting popular in Taiwan. However, the tool of designing bike travel route is absent now and the existing researches of vehicle routing problem in literature are mainly for motorized vehicles rather than bikes. Therefore, this work aimed at developing a route design model to plan a multi-day bike travel route for bike tourism. The modeling design process consists of three steps. First, through a literature review, this study summarized important concerns in planning a bike travel and defined the decision-making problem of route design. Second, this research interviewed different stakeholders to verify the decision-making problem and important concerns, and developed the model using mathematical programming approach. The model is developed as a multi-objective programming problem that consists of three objectives: maximizing route suitability, maximizing environment suitability and minimizing travel distance. The model considers the following constraints: travel time, monetary budget, time window, flow balance, and value ranges of decision variables. Using the weighting method and the Global Solver of Lingo 15.0x64 software, this study applied the proposed model on the case study of five-days-four-nights bike travel route design in the Eastern Taiwan Region. In the model applications, four travelers with different preferences were concerned to test the model’s attributes and applicability. The results of case study result reveals that the model can satisfies different preferences of travelers, meets the requirements of objectives and constrains and maintains continuous routes. The results of scenario analysis reveals that the model can design routes for travelers with different route suitability, environment suitability and monetary budgets. The proposed model is the first route design model for multi-day bike tours in literature and is able to assist bike travelers in developing route alternatives for further evaluation efficiently and systematically.