以折衷理論探討中國跨國營造業之國際化策略：與日本國際化經驗比較

Abstract

近年來，受到經濟全球化以及中國政府“走出去”策略的影響，中國大型營造廠國際化的動作不斷增加。2003年，中國加入WTO後，國內營建市場也變得更加開放，營建企業更需通過國際經營，提升技術、管理以及人員等方面的競爭力，以實現營造廠長期穩定的發展。目前，對中國營造廠的研究主要集中在國內市場，其國際化發展策略及表現鮮少提及。因此，本文將運用Dunning的折衷理論，又稱為OLI理論，首先對中國營建業海外發展進行OLI分析，然後通過中國兩家具有代表性的大型營造廠中建集團和中國鐵建及其兩個海外專案的研究，運用OLI理論識別出國際化過程中遇到的問題和風險，提出相應改善的建議。此外本文還將運用折衷理論闡述日本營建業海外的歷程，通過對比分析，歸納出具有中、日營建業的異同點，以及可從日本營建業學習的經驗教訓。

With the trend of globalization and Chinese government’s “go-out” strategy, Chinese construction enterprises were increasingly involved with international engineering projects in recent years. Since joining the World Trade Organization in 2001, Chinese domestic construction market has been more open to international contractors. Therefore Chinese contractors should make effort on improving their technique and management capacity through constant international competition, which is significant to their long-term development. However, only a few studies have been completed on the strategy and performance of the internationalization of Chinese international construction enterprises. This paper firstly provides two cases studies (China State Construction Engineering Corporation and China Railway Construction Corporation) to identify major risks and weak points during the process of internationalization. After which corresponding suggestion will be proposed to improve the international competitiveness of Chinese multinational engineering contractors. Also comparison analysis of overseas development between Japan and China is conducted to find out the experiences and lessons that Chines contractors could learn from Japan.