台灣細懸浮微粒風險管制之科學爭議與治理分析

Abstract

本文從全球化風險的概念中，以台灣文化所產生的系統性風險，再以公民認識論來分析當今被認為是一重要的致病因素，「細懸浮微粒」的科技政策與社會的關係。「細懸浮微粒」已經成為當代的全球跨境汙染物之一，並且在台灣目前的工業發展中是不可忽視的健康風險議題。細懸浮微粒議題促使台灣社會產生什麼樣的系統性變革，也用此一議題來描述台灣公民認識論的轉換。 檢視過去我國對於科技議題的政策治理，政府部門所形成的「專家政治」，技術官僚傾向以實證性的科學評估做為決策判斷的依據。但這種以「信託方式」的治理已經面臨到了困境，這種模式使得政府在各種爭議風險事件當中的政策失當。政府大量失去民眾的信任，同時也質疑政府的治理能力。也因此，信託在台灣的概念已經需要轉換，而且已經轉換了。依照Jasanoff所提的公民認識論，台灣社會的自我保護模式正在改變。從原本的信託模式轉變到當前趨勢，它透過社會運動團體結合外部專家，尋求新知來對抗政府的技術官僚以及科學諮詢網絡，以此來發展社會強健性。

This article, started from the concept of globalization of risk, analyzes “Fine Particulate Matters” (PM2.5), a significant disease factor, with the systematic risk in Taiwan culture and citizen epistemology.PM2.5 is an important transboundary pollutant in global and an un-ignorable health issue in the industrial development of Taiwan. The systematic changes facilitated by PM2.5 issue will be used to depict the transformation of citizen epistemology. Examining past issues of Taiwan's technology governance, the “experts politics” formed by governmental agencies, technocrats tended to use experimental scientific assessment as decision-making principles. But this governance model of 'trust' has been facing difficulties. This model leads the government’s malfunction in a variety of risk events. Government lost the trust of the public; and the public criticize the government's governmental ability. Therefore, the 'trust' concept has to be converted and has been converted in Taiwan. According to Jasanoff’s term, 'civil epistemology,' the self-protection mode in Taiwanese society is changing. From the original 'trust' mode to the ongoing trend, it transform to 'social movements' combined with 'against experts' to seek new knowledge to fight the government technocrats and scientific advisory network, in order to develop social robustness.