臺灣烏溪以北之運河規劃

Abstract

運河功能已從早期之灌溉和運輸，擴大到當今的蓄水、防洪、遊憩、觀光、生態、環保等。尤其在現今能源短缺、氣候異常的壓力下、運河運輸在節能減碳的優勢難以超越。以臺灣而言，在水資源方面，年平均降雨量約為全世界平均值的2.6倍，然而每人每年平均可分配水量卻遠低於全世界平均值，為全球第19位缺水的國家；在排碳方面，據臺灣能源平衡表資料分析，於1990~2000間，交通部門溫室氣體排放比例由8%攀升至近15%，主要增長集中在交通運輸裡的大型客車與貨車，因此本研究旨在臺灣烏溪以北之地區規劃一最具開發價值的運河，以提升臺灣的水資源利用及降低交通運輸所帶來的排碳量。 本研究主要可分為三部分，首先為臺灣基本資料的收集與整理，包括雨量、河川、地質、地勢高低、國土利用調等等的資料收集，再將資料處理成圖層資料以利地理資訊系統(GIS)讀取，第二部分為臺灣烏溪以北之運河規劃，基於第一部分所收集的資料進行運河的規劃，包含選取適當走向之現有河川、分析規劃路線的地勢以及評估規劃路線可行性等等，第三部分則是以臺灣烏溪以北之各縣市為規劃單位的區域運河，由於第二部分之運河牽涉過多大型工程因此整體執行之可行性不高，進而規劃以縣市為單位的區域運河，提升可行性，主要為配合區域地理環境、人文社會發展、土地利用類別並參考各區域計畫書，為當地規劃較小型運河，發揮水資源調節、防洪、親水休憩等功能。 所規劃之臺灣烏溪以北之運河長達191公里，其中89%為現有河道，0.3%為人工河道，11%為河川隧道，包含19座船閘。與公路運輸相比，運河運輸減少了68%的排碳量。本研究所規劃之運河僅基於所收集到的資料進行概念性的規劃，並未針對提及之大型工程做詳細規劃，主要在水資源缺乏及全球暖化的背景下，提供一潛在的解決方案。

This research presents a concept of planning a canal in the north of Wu River in Taiwan, which includes the motivation and the process of planning the canal. Canals’ functions of irrigation and transportation in the early days have extended to today's water storage, flood control, recreation, tourism, ecology, and environmental protection. Especially under energy shortage and climate anomaly, canal transportation has the great advantage in carbon reduction. The main purpose of this research is to plan the most feasible canal to improve water utilization and reducing Taiwan's carbon emissions caused by transport. The reasons of planning canal can relate to the low using efficiency of water resource and the high growth rate of greenhouse gas emission. In terms of Taiwan, in the part of water resource, the annual average precipitation is about 2.6 times the volume of the world average, while average annual allocation of water per person is far lower than the worldwide average; in the part of carbon emissions, according to Taiwan's energy balance sheet data, greenhouse gas emission proportion from the transportation sector rose from 8% to nearly 15% in 1990 to 2000, which mainly grew in the buses and trucks. The process of planning canal in the north of Wu River in Taiwan can be divided into three stages. The first part is to collect and organize information including rainfall, rivers, geology, topography, investigation of land using etc. and then process the data into layers which are accessible to the geographic information system (GIS). The second part is planning the canal in the north of Wu River in Taiwan based on the information collected including selecting appropriate existing rivers, analyzing the terrain along panning route and assessing the feasibility etc. The third part is planning local canals for the cities in the north of Wu River in Taiwan. Since the second part of the canal project involves too many expensive engineering projects, the overall feasibility of implementing it is not high; consequently, planning local canal to enhance the feasibility. The local canals mainly were planned to bring out the functions of flood control and tourism with reference to geographic environment, human and social development, land using and urban planning division. In the conclusion of the planning canal in the north of Wu River in Taiwan, the length of the canal route is 191 km, which includes 170.5 km of existing rivers, 0.65 km of artificial waterways, 21 km of by-pass tunnel and 19 navigation locks. Compared to the road transportation, the carbon emissions in canal transportation were reduce to 30 %.