成本加成契約執行成功關鍵因素之研究-以私部門工程專案為例

Abstract

營建業成本加成契約因常存在業主與承包商彼此資訊不對等及互相信任等問題，而無法普遍被採用。為解決成本加成契約資訊不對等問題，本研究主張在施工階段主要流程:規劃設計檢討、估算、採購發包、施工規劃、施工圖繪製、施工管理、估驗計價、成控、驗收、結算、交屋、營運、維護修繕、健檢服務、回饋、修正設計等，建立業主與承包商共同信息平台，如規劃設計檢討例會、預算審查會、共同採購發包；共同審查施工計畫、施工圖；施工前作分項工程簡報、材料設備檢試驗、樣品試作、實品屋施作、自主檢查、品檢抽驗；提供即時網路成本透明化;舉辦開工、結構、裝修、交屋說明會；舉辦灌漿、給水試壓、防水試水參觀；客戶服務、修繕、維護管理回饋等。 本研究經過專家訪談、問卷設計、業主及承包商回收的問卷調查結果得出，施工階段主要流程上的的業主與承包商共同信息平台，是解決營建業成本加成契約資訊不對等問題，讓成本加成契約執行成功的關鍵。經由承包商提供給業主的共同信息平台，能讓業主滿足參與、溝通、選擇、獲得即時對等公開透明資訊的服務，並可要求承包商更頻繁、即時、嚴謹的回報應盡的責任與義務，達到消除資訊不對等、溝通不良所帶來的誤解、嫌隙、爭議等風險。業主與承包商共同參與的共同信息平台，經通信訪談、問卷調查統計分析，在互相尊重同理心的互動過程中，彼此產生信賴，根據問卷調查結果也顯示，互信是成本加成很重要的成功關鍵因素。 本研究針對營建業成本加成契約，提出施工階段主要流程，建立業主及承包商共同信息平台，以解決成本加成契約執行時業主與承包商資訊不對等及互相不信任等問題，讓業主與承包商所建立的共同信息平台成為成本加成契約執行成功的關鍵。在學術上可視為營建管理模式之探索性研究，實務上不但可作為營建業提升施工流程品質、也有改善施工標準作業程序的作用。

Cost-plus contract for construction projects cannot be widely adopted because there are issues of information asymmetry and mutual trust usually existed between the owners and contractors. To solve information asymmetry problem of the cost-plus contract, the study proposes to building a public Information platform for owners and contractors in major process of construction phase, from planning and design review, estimation, procurement and outsource, construction planning, construction drawings, construction management and valuation re-estimation, control, acceptance and settlement and closing, operation, maintenance and repair, health examination service to feedback and design modification. This platform can be functionally as follows: (1) planning design review meeting, budget review meeting, co- procurement and outsource ; (2) joint review construction plan and drawings; (3) project presentations of sub-construction details before implementation, materials and equipment inspection and testing, sample test, sample construction, self- inspection, product quality inspection and testing;(4)providing real-time network cost transparency, organized construction, structure, decoration and housing briefing; (5) holding open visiting of grouting, water pressure and proof test; customer service, repair, management feedback. The research questionnaire is designed through expert interview study regarding building a public information platform for owners and contractors in construction phrase. The results of response questionnaires from owners and constrictors show building a public information platform is able to solve information asymmetry problem of cost-plus contract for construction projects. This platform make contractors be able to provide owners with enjoy participating , communicating, selecting and acquiring real-time equally transparent information service to reduce risks of misunderstanding, rift, dispute caused by information asymmetry and poor communication. The statistical analysis results of communication, interview and questionnaires indicate owners and contractors can generate mutual trust in their interaction process by respecting each other. The results from questionnaire survey also imply that mutual trust is a very critical success factor to cost-plus contract for construction projects. With regard to cost-plus contract for construction projects, the study proposes to build a public information platform for owners and contractors in construction phrase to solve the problems of information asymmetry and mistrust during execution process so that the public information platform will become a very critical success factor to cost-plus contract for construction projects. Academically, this study can be regarded as an exploratory research for construction management model. In practice, it can not only help construction industry to increase the quality of construction process also improve the standard operating procedures of construction.