中國大陸旅遊法制之研究-以2013年旅遊法為核心

Abstract

本文為研究中國大陸於2013年10月施行之《旅遊法》的論文，以本部《旅遊法》為核心，分別由歷史面與體制面去掌握中國大陸旅遊法制的建立與發展。在《旅遊法》第1條便開宗明義，以保障旅遊者和旅遊經營者的合法權益，規範旅遊市場秩序，保護和合理利用旅遊資源，促進旅遊業持續發展等四點為立法目的。而法典中相關章節安排皆圍繞著上述之目的而制定，希望透過綜合而全面的立法方式，調整中國大陸旅遊市場並改善中國大陸之旅遊形象。 本文首先探究《旅遊法》的立法時空背景因素，並且從旅遊主管部門、旅遊經營者與旅遊者三個角度出發，針對《旅遊法》所規範的制度內容進行分析，最後提出本文的研究發現與未來展望。 研究發現，《旅遊法》中所建立的旅遊服務契約法制化，不僅提升對旅遊者的權益保障，其實也欲以民事制衡方式，減輕官方對於旅遊經營者的行政監督壓力。此外，在《旅遊法》的立法結構上，也相較偏重保障旅遊者，而輕旅遊經營者。最後，《旅遊法》由於甫施行未久，其相關配套措施與制度的建置皆有待完備。從「有法可依」到「有法必依」的過程，《旅遊法》後續的具體落實與監督執行，將是其能否達成立法目的，進而改善旅遊市場秩序、重塑旅遊形象，為中國大陸旅遊可持續健康發展的關鍵。

This study examines the Tourism Law of the People’s Republic of China which was implemented in October 2013. Focusing on the Tourism Law, the study analyses the establishment and development of tourism in China’s legal system from both a historical and government system perspective. The first article of the law makes clear its purpose and central theme is achieving the goal of protecting the legitimate rights and interests of tourists and tour operators, regulating the tourism market order, ensuring protection and rational use of tourism resources, and promoting sustainable development. The code in the relevant sections is arranged around the purpose of the above formulation. Through integrated and comprehensive legislation, the law seeks to adjust the market of People’s Republic of China and also improve the image of the country’s tourism. Firstly, this research explores the background and timing of the law’s establishment from three perspectives the tourism authorities, tour operators and tourists- to analyze the content of the law. This research find that by establishing the contract of tourism service, the tourism law try to reduce the burden of china’s administrative supervision to tour operators ,through the check and balance of civil law.In addition ,The law trend to guarantee the tourism instead of tour operators From the legislative structure. Finally ,the law is just implemented, the portfolio of measures and the creation of the system are need to be perfect.The process of law from' must be goes by 'evolves into 'must be observed ', how to implement and execute concretely is the key point to achieve the legislative purpose of improving the order of China’s tourism market and also reshaping the tourism image .