荔枝農家收入水準差異來源之分析

Abstract

荔枝產期多集中於每年6~7月間，然而荔枝農家的每年收入常不平穩。另一方面，政府雖有災害補助措施，荔枝農民並不完全認同措施的執行方式。本研究以問卷形式探討影響荔枝農家收入來源的因素。研究結果有以下之發現，首先，荔枝栽培管理中的農家勞動人口年齡高低、從事講習活動意願及種植荔枝品種多樣性等變數是影響農家收入高低的重要因素。其次，在行銷通路方面，以國內市場為主的行銷方式易使荔枝價格於盛產期大幅滑落，因此本研究建議，應分散或延長荔枝產期，才能減緩荔枝價格低的現象。此外，本研究也發現，採行多樣性通路的荔枝農民，能有效提升農家收入。最後，在政府災害補助方面，本研究發現，補助已造成政府財政負擔，建議政府積極協助農民拓展外銷通路，提升農家收入，以降低領取政府災害補助費用，或為建立災害損失標準認定，才能使災害補助發揮效益。另外，藉由辦理荔枝講習活動，教育農民採用遙測技術及生產履歷制度方式記錄災害損失，以減少勘災認定之不公平性。

The harvest time in litchi is during June and July. Nevertheless, the annual income earned by litchi farmers is unstable. On the other hand, although the government provides disaster assistance in funds, farmers do not fully agree with those policies and assistant measure criteria. The study analyzes the factors influencing litchi farmers’ income through a survey. The findings and suggestions are as follows. First, according to the analysis of cultivation management, the study find that farmer’s ages, the willingness to attend workshops or seminars, and the variety of litchi planted are major personal influential factors on farmer’s income. Second, focusing on domestic markets results in a drop in prices during the harvest time. The study suggests that farmers should produce diverse litchi products or extend the harvest length by R&D. It will be also beneficial to farmer’s income by applying multiple marketing channels. Finally, the study finds that disaster assistance results in government’s fiscal burden. It is suggested that the government should help farmers to develop international marketing channels, provide measurable funding assistance criteria, encourage farmers attending more workshops, and educate farmers in systematically recording disaster damage evidences.