以強化溶磷菌之堆肥取代化學磷肥之效益分析： 以短期葉菜類為例

Abstract

本研究目的為探討不同土壤、添加溶磷菌與否以及在不同有機質肥料對蕹菜(空心菜)生長是否有影響，進而瞭解以生物性肥料之「強化溶磷菌（PSB）」培養之有機質堆肥取代化學肥料之可能性與其效益，這項研究的結果可以被用於促進在台灣有機肥料推動之參考。這是以短期葉菜類之蕹菜(空心菜)為試驗對象設計一個五種實驗因子：分別針對土壤反應、五種資材堆肥，接種或不接種PSB，並與化肥和無肥處理作為對照，前後盆栽試驗重複三次後對土壤性質和蕹菜(空心菜)生長性狀、產量與植體吸收等進行探討，再根據試驗結果探討強化溶磷菌堆肥取代化學磷肥之效益。就農民效益而言，溶磷菌堆肥取代化學磷肥不僅具有技術可行性，每年每公頃可為農民增加新台幣19-29萬元收入，因此亦具有經濟效益。在政府或國內相關產業方面，政府可因為溶磷菌堆肥取代化學磷肥而減少化學肥料補貼支出，我國亦可發展溶磷菌等生物性肥料產業進而促使國內經濟發展。此外，以溶磷菌堆肥取代化學磷肥，不僅有益於國人健康且對生態環境較安全無毒害，更利於我國農業永續經營及環境安全，因此為值得推廣與施用。

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different types of soil, addition of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria, and different types of organic fertilizers on the growth of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica), in order to evaluate the potential of substituting of chemical fertilizers with biological fertilizers, which are composts enhanced with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB). The results of this study can then be used for the promotion of organic fertilizers in Taiwan. This is a factorial experiment with five soils, five composts, inoculation with or without PSB, and with chemical fertilizer and no fertilizer treatments as controls, using short-term leafy water spinach as the experimental object. The effect of treatments on soil properties and plant nutrient uptakes were analyzed before and after the pot experiments with three replications. Further, the benefits of substituting chemical fertilizers with enhanced phosphate-solubilizing bacterial compost were also discussed based on the results of the experiments. With regards to the benefits obtained by farmers, the substitution of chemical fertilizers with phosphate-solubilizing bacterial compost is technically feasible, and it provides economic benefits to the farmers by increasing the farmer’s income by NT$ 190,000–290,000 per hectare per annum. From the perspective of the government or the domestic industry, substitution of chemical fertilizers with phosphate-solubilizing bacterial compost can decrease government expenditure on chemical fertilizer subsidy, and Taiwan can develop a biological fertilizer industry using phosphate-solubilizing bacteria to promote domestic economic development. In addition, substitution of chemical fertilizers with phosphate-solubilizing bacterial compost is beneficial to public health, and is safer and non-toxic to the environment. This is more conducive to the sustainable development of agriculture and environmental safety in Taiwan, and should therefore be promoted and implemented.