影響志願士兵招募與留營意願之因素

Abstract

中文摘要 隨著社會發展需求，政黨競選政見的落實與立法院的修法，台灣兵役制度從「徵兵制」、「徵募併行」，到朝向「募兵制」法制化的發展後，以招募志願士兵為基層兵力為主的兵役制度已成為事實。惟，針對招募志願士兵的成效、志願士兵留營問題，目前仍充滿著不確定變因存在。 基於上述背景，本文對於現行影響志願士兵招募變因，及政府因應募兵問題，提出改善志願士兵招募及留營政策措施之成效，認為有進一步探討與研究之必要。因此，在整理及分析有關台灣兵役制度發展、志願士兵招募與留營等相關文獻後，利用「深度訪談法」與「焦點團體法」，分別蒐集曾擔任管理志願士兵之軍官幹部，及曾任志願士兵者，提出對影響志願士兵招募與留營因素的看法。 本研究發現，影響志願士兵招募因素，分別以：「待遇」、「招募方式」、「招募管道」及「政府態度」為主要因素。而在招募成效方面，除軍方本身文宣與招募人員主動出擊外，尚包括來自鄰里、親朋好友間對從軍口碑的傳播。在招募方式方面，除傳統文宣外，必須思考在面對數位匯流之趨勢時，是否應利用網路傳播的「觸媒」，擴增招募宣傳的「觸角」，是受訪對象認為有必要思考的方向。另，「政府態度」亦為影響志願士兵招募成效主因。 在影響志願士兵留營因素方面，當服兵役從義務成為自由選擇的職業後，服役職場的「自由」、「勤務」、「壓力」、「尊嚴」與「軍人地位」、「升遷」及「與民間專長接軌」問題。在在都是影響志願士兵留營的主因。 關鍵詞：兵役制度、志願士兵、招募行為、留營因素

Summary The military service system in Taiwan which is mainly focusing on recruiting enlisted soldiers from the basic level has reformed from “mandatory military service,” “both conscription and voluntarism,” toward the legalization of “voluntarism” foundation since the demands from society, the implementation of politicians’ manifestos, and the amendments of Military Service Act in Legislative Yuan took place. In response to, however, the effectiveness of volunteer enlisted soldiers’ recruiting and retention, the uncertain hurdles remain to be overcome. The author considered it worthy of further discussion and research in this background; accordingly, the thesis primarily pinpoints to what sort of factors affect the willingness of enlisted soldiers to join the military and how the government make the recruiting and retention policy better. Therefore, after organizing and analyzing not only the evolution of Taiwan military service system but the related research of recruiting and retention, the author coordinated and invited the commission officers with the experience of leadership and the enlisted soldiers to seek their opinions on this point by “in-depth interview” and “focus group” methods. This research finds out the factors affecting the recruitment of volunteer enlisted soldiers, including remunerations, recruiting methods and channels, and the determination of the government. With regard to the effectiveness of recruitment, the slogan “join the military” would be disseminated around every corner in spite of the original promotion from military recruiters and publicity. According to the interviewer’s opinions, they noted whether or not expanding a new path of publicity by making most of social media on the Internet is inevitably essential in this digitized era; on top of that, the government attitude matters in the whole spectrum as well. In light of affecting the soldiers’ willingness of retention, the factors, including freedom, duty, pressure, respect, military status, promotion, and seamless link-up with civilian specialties would play an important role from the very beginning of the mandatory military service. Key words: Military Service System;Volunteer Enlisted Soldiers;Recruiting and Retention