白色發光二極體(LED)對褐色菜鴨產蛋表現與鈣利用之影響

Abstract

本試驗之目的係在探究白色發光二極體（white light-emitting diode, 白光 LED）作為產蛋鴨之室內人工光源時，對褐色菜鴨產蛋性能和鈣利用之影響。試驗使用144隻褐色菜鴨，並逢機分配給3個不同光源組合之處理組，分別為螢光燈加日光（FS）、白光LED加日光（LS）以及白光LED（WL）。每日光照時數為16個小時，水與飼料為任食；每日記錄室內溫溼度以及個別產蛋表現，自18週齡開始，每2週會連續3天收集當日產蛋並測定蛋品質；於41週齡時，每處理組挑選12隻穩定產蛋之菜鴨用於鈣利用率試驗，並在43週齡將其犧牲，收集腸道、殼腺組織和左腳脛骨供分析檢測之用。結果顯示，FS處理組較快達到產蛋高峰，但整體產蛋率於各組間並無顯著差異。除FS處理組在少數幾週出現顯著或趨勢性較高的蛋重、LS處理組在最後2週出現顯著較薄的蛋殼厚度，以及LS與WL處理組於最後1週出現顯著較低之蛋殼強度外，其他蛋品質性狀於大部分試驗期間在3個處理組間皆無顯著差異。WL處理組有較少的蛋殼沉積鈣量，且有較高的骨灰分比率，而鈣結合蛋白於WL處理組在殼腺內亦有較低的表現量，唯與其他兩處理組間未達差異顯著。利用免疫組織化學染色法來測定鈣結合蛋白的分布位置，結果顯示腸道及殼腺之鈣結合蛋白分布於細胞質內，且停產菜鴨有較少鈣結合蛋白之分布。就能源效益而言，比較耗電量與成本計算，發現使用白光LED取代螢光燈管，每支燈管每個月可節省12元。總結而論，於試驗期間，白光LED對於蛋品質以及鈣利用上沒有顯著的負面影響，且由於LED的低耗能，用白光LED作為室內飼養光源將是一個不錯的選擇。然而，長期之影響仍須進一步試驗來印證之。

The objective of this study was to understand the effect of white light emitting diode（LED）as the source of artificial lights on egg performance and calcium utilization of Brown Tsaiya duck. A total of 144 birds were used in this study and divided randomly into 3 groups for the following treatments: white fluorescent tube with sunlight（FS）, white LED with sunlight（LS）,and white LED（WL）. The light was shone for 16 hours a day, and the ambient temperature and humidity was recorded daily. Eggs were collected for 3 continuous days every 2 weeks to determine the egg quality. Twelve consistent laying ducks per treatment were chosen for calcium utilization test at 41 week of age and sacrificed at 43 week of age. The quality of left tibia bone, and the expression and localization of calbindin in duodenum and shell gland were also determined. There was no significant difference in egg quality except that the egg weight of FL treatment tended to be higher than the other treatments in few weeks, and LS treatment had lower shell thickness in the last 2 weeks. WL treatment also had a lower trend of calbindin expression in shell gland and calcium deposition of shell, but had potentially higher bone ash percentage. The localization of calbindin in duodenum and shell gland was observed to be distributed in the cytoplasm, and less calbindin distribution of stop-laying ducks compared with normal-laying ducks. In addition to the above, LED was able to save 12 NT dollars per month per tube compared with fluorescent tube. In conclusion, during the trial period, white LED had no significant negative effect on egg quality and calcium utilization. Furthermore, LED was more efficient and resulted in lowering total cost. It can therefore be a good and alternative light source for indoor rearing.