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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 席行正(Hsing-Cheng Hsi) | |
dc.contributor.author | Han-Jung Hu | en |
dc.contributor.author | 胡菡容 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-15T16:16:03Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2020-08-20 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2015-08-20 | |
dc.date.issued | 2015 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2015-08-17 | |
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dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/52482 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 透過土壤攝入及皮膚接觸兩種暴露途徑,土壤及灰塵中的污染物容易進入人體並造成健康危害。而六歲以下孩童容易將手放進嘴巴的行為使孩童的暴露風險高過成人。在皮膚接觸的暴露途徑中,土壤黏附因子是評估暴露風險的重要因子之一,部分研究更指出污染物容易黏附在細小的土壤顆粒中。然而,因為台灣六歲以下孩童的土壤黏附因子尚未被完整建立,目前台灣主要仍使用美國環保署提供的參數做健康風險評估,使用非本土性的參數可能會使健康風險評估的結果被高估或低估。
因此,本研究透過田野調查,以顆粒細小的黏土性質建立台灣六歲以下孩童的土壤黏附因子,另外透過砂土和黏土的不同土壤性質實驗、探究影響土壤黏附的因素,以及土壤黏附至皮膚、轉移至口中的粒徑變化。並以關渡平原的土壤與地下水污染場址為例,利用建立之土壤黏附參數推估六歲以下孩童經由土壤介質造成的暴露劑量及致癌風險。本研究結果指出,包括活動型態、衣著、土壤類型、土壤含水率和接觸壓力等,皆會影響土壤的黏附量。而暴露越大範圍的身體表面積及在地面上高強度的活動型態會使孩童有較高的暴露風險。在土壤粒徑的轉移結果,不論砂土或黏土,從土壤轉移至皮膚、及透過舔允行為轉移至口中的粒徑皆小於150μm。 透過本研究結果,所建立之台灣六歲以下孩童的黏附因子不僅可作為台灣未來健康風險評估的參數參考依據,也可以提供政府管理單位針對台灣的孩童風險做適當的管理及決策。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | Contaminants in soil and dust may cause adverse health effects on human through soil ingestion and dermal contact exposure routes. Hand-to-mouthing behaviors could lead children under six years old to greater health risk than adults. For the dermal contact of the exposure route, the soil adherence factor is a major parameter influencing the exposure risk assessment. Some studies also showed that contaminant is easy to adsorb in soil with small particle size. However, researches pertaining to establishing the local data of soil adherence factor for children under six years old in Taiwan were still missing. Using the published soil adherence data from U.S.EPA may over- or under-estimate the risk result of children in Taiwan.
This study attempts to establish the local adherence factor for children under six years old in Taiwan. The tested soil with a clay texture was obtained from field sampling, and the potentially influencing factors of dermal contact on soil adherence were evaluated. The tendency of particle size variation by transferring from soil to hand and hand to mouth was also investigated by hand-press trial experiments. Moreover, the obtained adherence factor was used assess the children health risk in Guandu Plain, a contaminated site in Northern Taiwan. The experimental results revealed that several factors substantially influencing the adherence factor, including activity, clothing, soil moisture content, and contact pressure. Larger exposure area of body surface and high intensity of activity led children to higher exposure risk. The sizes of particles transferred from soil to hand and hand to mouth are mainly less than 150 μm. Results of the study can not only be regarded as a reference to the children health risk assessment of contaminated sites, but also provide the suggestions on strategy and measurement in the risk management. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-15T16:16:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-104-R02541212-1.pdf: 3982480 bytes, checksum: f88cbc64d5fd0f79ed27023d0f76bc5b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | Acknowledgement i
中文摘要 ii Abstract iii Contents iv List of Figure vii List of Abbreviations xi Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.2 Research Objectives 2 1.3 Research Approach 3 Chapter 2 Literature Review 4 2.1 Health risk assessment 4 2.1.1 The process of human health risk assessment 4 2.1.2 Exposure pathway 5 2.1.3 Tier of risk assessment 8 2.2 Children exposure risk 9 2.2.1 Mouthing behavior of age group 9 2.3 Soil adherence factor 9 2.3.1 Influencing factors of soil adherence 9 2.3.2 Estimates of adherence factor 14 2.4 Soil contaminant in particles with small sizes 16 Chapter 3 Materials and Methods 17 3.1 Experiment Design 17 3.2 Laboratory-scale examination on hand press trial and hand-to-mouth soil transfer 19 3.2.1 Influencing factors in experiments 19 3.2.2 Soil to hand transfer experiment 20 3.2.3 Hand-to-mouth transfer experiment 20 3.3 Adherence factor determination by field measurement 21 3.3.1 Research fields and subjects 21 3.3.2 Designed Scenarios 22 3.3.3 Washing procedure 22 3.3.4 Body part surface area 23 3.4 Sample and Statistical analysis 27 3.4.1 Sample analysis 27 3.4.2 Statistical analysis 28 3.5 Health risk assessment 29 3.5.1 Hazard identification 29 3.5.2 Dose-response assessment 32 3.5.3 Exposure assessment 33 3.5.4 Risk characterization 34 3.5.5 Risk parameters description 36 3.5.6 Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis 37 Chapter 4 Results and Discussion 39 4.1 Laboratory-scale hand-press trial 39 4.1.1 Factors affecting soil adherence in hand-press trial 39 4.1.2 Soil particle size after soil to hand transfer 44 4.1.3 Hand-to-mouth transfer ratio 50 4.1.4 Hand to mouth transfer particle size 53 4.2 Adherence factor by field measurement 57 4.2.1 Soil textures of research fields 57 4.2.2 Body Surface Area 58 4.2.3 Soil adherence effect factor in field measurement 60 4.2.4 Exposure factors: BSA and AF 67 4.3 Health risk assessment 69 4.3.1 Exposure dose and health risk 69 4.3.2 Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis 76 Chapter 5 Conclusions and Recommendations 82 5.1 Conclusions 82 5.2 Recommendations 83 Reference 85 Appendix 90 | |
dc.language.iso | en | |
dc.title | 本土土壤黏附皮膚因子建立與其應用於污染場址孩童健康風險評估 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Determination of local adherence factor of soil to skin and assessment of health risk for children around a soil contaminated site | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 103-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 馬鴻文(Hwong-wen Ma),簡伶朱(Ling-Chu Chien),胡景堯(Ching-Yao Hu) | |
dc.subject.keyword | 土壤黏附因子,皮膚接觸,土壤粒徑轉移,健康風險評估,關渡平原, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | adherence factor,dermal contact,soil particle size transfer,health risk assessment,Guandu Plain, | en |
dc.relation.page | 92 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2015-08-17 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 工學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 環境工程學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 環境工程學研究所 |
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