我國毒品緩起訴戒癮治療效益之探討

Abstract

1998年修訂毒品危害防制條例，加入施用毒品者為「病患型犯人」概念，改採除刑不除罪，對初犯者以保安處分替代刑罰；接續以「治療優先於刑罰」理念，於2008年修法增列緩起訴戒癮治療，期待推展社區戒癮治療模式，將毒癮戒治由「機構處遇」轉向為「社區處遇」，實施以來，撤銷緩起訴比率高，是否已凸顯緩起訴戒癮治療政策執行的困境，據此，引發本研究的研究動機。 本研究採次級資料分析法，就緩起訴戒癮治療個案特質（性別、年齡、施用毒品級別、緩起訴前之犯次等）探討個案特質對於緩起訴戒癮治療執行成效之影響。再就緩起訴戒癮治療個案再犯類型（再犯毒品施用；再犯經過時間）探討緩起訴戒癮治療成效。 研究發現第一級毒品緩起訴戒癮治療者，相較第二級毒品容易再犯；男性較女性容易再犯；犯次為「五年內再犯」者，相對容易再犯；「30歲以上40歲未滿」及「40歲以上50未滿」年齡層相對容易再犯。女性撤銷者均相對較為年輕，八成左右在「40歲以下」。男性撤銷者，第一級以「30歲至50歲」為主；第二級以「20歲至40歲」為主。「6個月以內」再犯者占四成四。「2月未滿」即再犯者中，第一級占六成八，顯見第一級具短期間再犯之特性等。另外，經卡方檢定及羅吉斯迴歸結果發現，第一、二級毒品戒癮治療者，都有年紀愈輕愈容易再犯的傾向。

Narcotics Hazard Prevention Act was revised in 1998, which applies the concept of drug users as 'patients'. First-time drug offenders may be granted rehabilitative measures, instead of subjecting to penalty. The 2008 amendment allows the first-time drug defendant to be placed on probation if the prosecution has been deferred by the prosecutor for the purpose of allowing the defendant to participate in and successfully complete the drug treatment program. The drug treatment program was also changed from the “institutional treatment model” to the “community treatment model”. However, the probation violation rates remain high since 2008. As a result, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of deferred prosecution addiction treatment. This study explores the effectiveness of deferred prosecution addiction treatment by analyzing the secondary data from government. In addition, the effects are further analyzed by different characteristics of drug defendants, such as gender, age, level of drug administration, the frequency before the deferred prosecution, and the type of recidivism involved. The results show that the probation violation rates are higher for patients with male sex, category one narcotics, and the age between 30 and 50 years old.