利用固相微萃取技術與動態暴露系統採集空氣中常見人造麝香之方法開發

Abstract

本研究利用固相微萃取技術(solid phase microextraction; SPME)避免溶劑脫附及操作簡單等優點，發展以動態暴露系統採樣之方法，同步偵測兩種室內常見的人造麝香。在過去的研究結果中，定量空氣中人造麝香之方法多以 人造麝香(Synthetic musks; artificial musks) 是一類人工合成的芳香分子，廣泛被添加於各式有香味的消費產品，如：芳香劑、廉價香水、化妝品、家庭用品、及清潔用品等。這些人造麝香應用在商品上已有50年以上的歷史，屬於新興汙染物的一種，具有脂溶性被證實有環境蓄積。也可在人體包括：脂肪組織、母乳及血液等檢驗出中檢出；近年來由於被發現具有毒性，已逐漸被禁用；人造麝香在環境中不容易被分解，研究亦顯示其有致癌及生殖影響的可能性，所以人造麝香暴露是否造成健康危害值得關注。 本研究選取室內環境中最常見的兩種人造麝香，佳樂麝香Galaxolide (HHCB)與吐納麝香Tonalide(AHTN)。本研究中設計一可產生已知濃度的麝香蒸氣產生裝置，並以PDMS/DVB SPME 纖維置入暴露腔，在固定的氣體流速下，改變採樣時間或採樣濃度等條件，進行外推式主動採樣；採樣後將纖維置入氣相層析儀之注射口進行熱脫附，以質譜儀分析纖維採集到的分析物質量。 本研究結果發現，採樣時間對纖維吸附人造麝香的質量有顯著影響。在固定產生系統的人造麝香濃度下，採集到的質量隨採樣時間增加。在一般室內環境的人造麝香濃度下進行此方法並不會超過纖維的飽和限制，採樣時間及採樣質量間有良好的線性關係。所得之採樣率分別為佳樂麝香Galaxolide (HHCB) 0.3653 cm3/s 與吐納麝香Tonalide(AHTN) 0.1719 cm3/s。兩樣物質的儀器偵測極限(IDL)為1 ng mL-1，方法偵測極限(MDL)為0.10 ng mL-1。 本研究所發展之方法開發成果可以大幅縮短現行空氣中人造麝香採樣定量的操作時間，並且減少溶劑使用量達到綠色化學環境保護的目標。

Synthetic musks have a widespread use and can be found in many personal-care products such as detergents, body wash, shampoo, perfume and cosmetics. Synthetic musks belong to emerging chemicals that are persistent, bio-accumulative and toxic, while their appearances in different environmental matrix can be discovered easily, including indoor air. Nevertheless, methods used to sample synthetic musks require a long sampling time or extensive work in the sample preparation process. Therefore, a method which is rapid, cost-effective and sensitive enough for the determination would be of great benefits. The aim of this research was then to develop a dynamic sampling method with aforementioned advantages based on solid phase microextraciton (SPME). Synthetic musks can be divided into two major classes, including nitro musks and polycyclic musk. Among them, Galaxolide (HHCB) and Tonalide(AHTN) was selected in this study since it was most commonly seen in the environment. The mixtures of HHCB were hence prepared and injected into the designed dynamic sampling system by a syringe pump. HHCB was sampled in the exposure chamber with different fibers under a fixed air velocity for different combinations of sampling time and concentrations. After exposures, the SPME fibers were inserted into the injection port of GC/MS/MS for thermal desorption and further analysis. The SPME procedure coupled with GC/MS analysis for the determinations of airborne synthetic musks was established in this study. It was observed that PDMS/DVB SPME fiber provided the best extraction efficiency with highest sample stability. The desorption efficiency was found to be 100% when the time for thermal desorption were 10 minutes which means no carry-over effect was observed. The theoretical sampling rate was estimated to be 0.20 cm3 sce-1. The linear range of the detection for HHCB was 1 ng mL-1 to 5 μg mL-1, and the method detection limit (MDL) was 0.10 ng mL-1. The experimental sampling constant and the effects of different environmental factors on the samplers were also validated. The designed method demonstrated the potential of using SPME fiber for synthetic musks determination, while advantages over conventional methods, such as solve-free and time-saving, were reached. It provided a simple and sensitive method to monitor the quality of indoor air in the future.