基於總成本考量下B2C電子商務配送模式之研究

Abstract

隨著全球B2C電子商務市場蓬勃發展，其相關議題也日漸備受重視。為了在激烈的競爭中脫穎而出，如何將產品快速準確地交到消費者手中更是在市場勝出不可或缺的關鍵。為了符合快速配送的特性，許多電商業者也開始建置自有車隊，透過自有車隊快速密集的配送方式滿足消費者需求，創造競爭優勢。 本研究的目的為在B2C電子商務配送中，以考量時間限制為前提，最小化配送成本。在B2C電子商務及物流配送模型中，經常以最低成本為主要的績效指標；在過去的文獻中，也有考量B2C電子商務配送時間限制下，以時效性為指標相關文獻。而在B2C電子商務配送中時效性及成本應等同重要，應都予以考慮之。故本研究同時納入時效性及成本為考量建構出配送模型。 建構出配送時間限制下最小化成本之模型後，採用啟發式演算法，分別對設施區位問題以及車輛途程問題進行求解，提供設施位置、設施數量、以及所需車輛數之建議，並改善以時間導向之循序型節省法求解路線，縮短配送時程。 本研究提供電商業者一個彈性的決策工具，可自行調整成本函數及時間限制，權衡其最適發展策略及組合，提升配送效率及提升競爭力。最後以國內知名B2C電商訂單資料為研究對象，將訂單資料匯入模型中，給予相關配送建議供企業做為參考。

With the fast growth of global B2C e-commerce market; its related issues are increasingly being focused. In order to stand out in the fierce competition; it is a crucial key in the marketplace for the products to be quickly and accurately delivered to consumers. As to meet the rapid distribution of products, many electrical businesses have begun to build their own teams to meet consumers’ demands through fast-intensive distribution methods and therefore to create competitive advantage. The purpose of this study pertains to B2C e-commerce distribution in order to consider the time limit premise and to minimize distribution costs. In the B2C e-commerce and logistics distribution model, the lowest cost is often the main performance indicator. In the earlier literature, there were also considerations of B2C e-commerce distribution under time constraints and time effectiveness. In the B2C e-commerce distribution, time effectiveness and cost should be equally important and both be taken into account. For these reasons, this study also includes the time effectiveness and cost considerations to construct a distribution model. The construction of model to minimize the cost with the delivery time limit, using heuristic algorithms to solve facility location problem and vehicle routing problem respectively. Providing facility location, number of facilities, as well as recommending the number of vehicles required, improving the time-oriented sequential savings method results and to shorten delivery time. This study provides electrical business a flexible decision-making tool, which can be adjusted by a cost function and time constraints to develop optimum strategy and portfolio, which then enhance distribution efficiency competitiveness. Finally, we use the well-known B2C electricity supplier order data, giving relevant recommendations for distribution companies as a reference.