臺灣葡萄常用根砧之生長及其對巨峰葡萄果實品質之研究

Abstract

本研究含二試驗，試驗一在相同設施、氣候條件下比較臺灣目前常用原生葡萄砧木1202、5C、420A及巨峰葡萄之盆植扦插苗在生長之差異；試驗二調查三種砧木嫁接櫻井巨峰和自根系櫻井巨峰植株所生產之果實品質差異。 試驗一以萌芽初始，根部、地上部、插穗、樹冠及莖長、葉面積、葉片數、節數之變化，統計三種砧木和自根系生長速度，探討三種葡萄砧木和自根系之生長及嫁接後之生產反應。試驗於2009年5月29日(扦插後90日)、2009年6月26日(扦插後118日)、2009年9月18日(扦插後202日)及2010年1月29日(扦插後336日)進行四次調查，結果顯示1202之插穗鮮重於5月29日明顯超越其他三種品種，其後三次則無明顯差異。根部鮮重在5月29日觀察1202與5C有明顯差異，其它三次則無差異。莖部鮮重四次測量均以5C表現最強勢。莖長表現四次測量結果5C和自根系有較大差異，其中9月18日及1月29日二次觀察5C與其他三種明顯差異。 2009年3月1日定植四種品種之扦插株各50株，4月1日觀察4種砧木中以5C萌芽最早，其次1202、420A、自根系，各砧木樹冠鮮重四次均以5C為冠。綜合生長測量表現結果以5C最強勢，其次1202、420A。自根系生長最為弱勢。整體測量結果及觀察5年之成年植株與現今嫁接成齡巨峰品種極為吻合，唯自根系在成株表現正常，只是樹齡、抗病力和載果量有明顯劣勢。不同砧木和接穗之親和性、遺傳特性均需至樹齡穩定期才能判定砧木在地區之適應性，自根系亦同需視環境和氣候來選擇品種。 試驗二以櫻井嫁接三種砧木和自根櫻井為材料，調查採收後及冷藏期間整串果粒數、果串重、平均果粒重、糖度、著色、脫粒數變化，結果以420A及自根株表現較優。果實試驗數據結果可供生產者在選用砧木品種時参考。

This study consisted of two experiments. Experiment one compared the difference in growth among 1202, 5C, 420A, and ‘Kyoho’ grape cuttings. Experiment two investigated the effect of mentioned root stocks on berry quality of Sakurai Kyoho. In the first experiment, budburst, root, aboveground part, cutting wood, canopy and shoot, leaf area, and number of leaves and internodes of the three rootstocks and ‘Kyoho’ cuttings were periodically sampled and measured on 29 May (90 days after cutting), 26 June (118 days after cutting), 18 September (202 days after cutting) 2009, and 29 January 2010 (336 days after cutting). The result showed that fresh weight of cutting woods of 1202 was greater than the others on the first measurement but not different from the others later. Fresh weight of root was significantly different between 1202 and 5C cuttings on 29 May but was not different on the other measuring dates. Fresh weight of shoot of 5C was greatest on all sampling dates. Lengths of shoots were significantly different between 5C and ‘Kyoho’ cuttings on all sampling dates. 5C cuttings had the earliest budburst followed by 120c, 420A, and Kyoho. Fresh weight of aboveground part was greatest in 5C. Overall, 5C had the best growth while Kyoho had the poorest growth. The result was similar to the performance of mature ‘Kyoho’ vines on the mentioned root system. Nevertheless, optimal growth and yield can be managed in mature own-rooted ‘Kyoho’ vines regardless of the short longevity, weak disease resistance, and relative low cropload. In the second experiment, fruit clusters of own-rooted ‘Sakurai Kyoho’ and grafted vines on 1202, 5C, and 420A rootstocks were harvest and berry quality, i.e. number of berries per cluster, weight of fruit cluster and berries, total soluble solids content, berry skin coloration, and berry shedding, at harvest and after cold storage was periodically measured. The result showed that berries from own-rooted vines and vines on 420A rootstock had the best overall quality. These information will help growers on the choice of rootstocks in Taiwan.