當歸、丹參優良農業操作栽培體系之建立及其有效成分生理活性之研究

Abstract

本研究目的為建立當歸之優良農業操作栽培體系，探討不同栽培地區與栽培管理方式對當歸產量與有效成分含量之影響，以生產根部產量高及有效成分含量高之當歸。試驗結果顯示： 2007-2009年在花蓮縣五個不同地區所種植當歸的調查情形，單株平均根重以壽豐地區最高；阿魏酸 (ferulic acid)含量與藁本內酯 (Z-ligustilide)含量均以玉里地區最高。以花蓮地區所生產的當歸與市售進口的當歸進行有效成分與營養元素含量的比較，花蓮地區所生產的當歸有效成分阿魏酸含量比市售進口者為低，藁本內酯含量則無顯著性差異；營養元素含量則花蓮生產的當歸比市售進口者為高。10月份為當歸種植適期，10月份種植的當歸產量與有效成分含量均較高。當歸在盛花期的根部產量最高，為最適收穫期。當歸的生育日數在農藝性狀上的表現，如株高、全株重、根重以及根直徑等，皆以205天的生育日數較佳；在阿魏酸含量上亦以205天的生育日數較高；而藁本內酯則以160天的生育日數較高。有機質肥料施用量建議以每公頃施用8,000 kg之有機質堆肥可得最高產量。栽培密度以行株距100 × 60 cm的產量最高。在當歸開花期間以剪花處理對當歸並無增產之效果。以不織布與雜草抑制蓆覆蓋畦面處理之根部產量較高並可防除雜草。比較種子直播與育苗移植二種栽培方式，以種子直播種植方式所生產的根直徑較大且無分支，但產量比育苗移植栽培者為低。本試驗研究結果可作為農民優良農業操作的參考。

The purpose of this project was to develop good agricultural practice through studying the effects on the yield, quality and active ingredients in different cultivated areas and cultivation management of Angelica acutiloba. The characters of A. acutiloba were measured and compared from harvests cultivated in five different areas within Hualien County from 2007 to 2009. In comparison of the average root weight of A. acutiloba, the highest value was obtained from roots cultivated in Shoufeng area. Those roots with highest active ingredient content of ferulic acid and Z-liguistilide were the harvest cultivated in Yuli area. It is also found October is the most appropriate cultivated period for A. acutiloba. Among the growth stages, the full bloom stage had the highest root yield, and this is the most suited period for harvest. As for comparison on the agronomic traits of different day lengths on growth, two hundred and five days had the highest value in plant height, root weight and root width. Those of two hundred and five growth days had the highest ferulic acid content in A. acutiloba. Harvest of one hundred and sixty growth days had the highest Z-liguistilide content in A. acutiloba. In organic fertilizer trial, those with application rate at 8,000 kg ha-1 had the highest root yield. The planting density 100 × 60 cm had the highest root yield. There was no increase effect with cut flowers in the root yield of the flowering in A. acutiloba. The mulching treatment with non-woven fabric and weed control mat material had the highest root yield than other mulching material. The transplanting cultivation had higher root yield than direct seeding method, yet in the root diameter, the direct seeding was larger than transplanting. The good agricultural practice of A. acutiloba will be introduced to farmers in the future in order to produce the high yield, stable quality, and high active ingredients contents of the A. acutiloba.