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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 羅昌發(Chang-Fa Lo) | |
dc.contributor.author | Yi-Hsin Chen | en |
dc.contributor.author | 陳以昕 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-15T13:40:22Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2016-02-15 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2016-02-15 | |
dc.date.issued | 2015 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2016-01-13 | |
dc.identifier.citation | 中文資料
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dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/51594 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 出於各種目的,多數國家、乃至於國際組織均有針對產品之形體大小、內含物種類與容量、甚至其製造過程可能對參與者或自然環境造成之影響等,規範、制定特定規格要求。例如限制產品長寬大小之規格,以便利通關輸入;限制農產品所含之殘餘農藥劑量,以確保食用人健康等。然而各國若恣意對於其境內流通之產品為不同規格要求,恐對國際間之貨品貿易活動造成不必要之障礙。是以,為使貿易更加自由化,WTO會員國遂於《TBT協定》制定調和條款,要求會員國應以已存在或即將存在之相關國際標準作為其等技術規章、標準或符合性評估程序之基礎,以期盡可能調和、縮小不必要之貿易法規障礙。
《TBT協定》中之調和條款雖然要求會員國應以相關的國際標準作為其技術性措施之基礎,條文中卻未就其所指「國際標準」為定義,導致條文適用上多有不確定之處。因此,本文將研析條文相關文字意涵、歷史文件、WTO相關機關決議、及DSB於個案中所曾表示之相關意見,探究WTO現行就本協定之「國際標準」作如何之解釋、或設置如何之檢驗認定條件。其次,考量到WTO相關機構本身並不具有制定適用於產品規格之標準內容的專業能力,及明確、具體化TBT「國際標準」對於WTO會員之重要性,本文將嘗試針對DSB現行就認定TBT「國際標準」所建立之檢驗清單為調整建議,以期得以提升該檢驗清單於爭端個案中適用之妥適性。最後,鑒於《菸草控制框架公約》近年來於國際投資法及國際貿易法領域均受到高度重視及討論,本文遂嘗試論證該公約本文、議定書及指導準則中相關標準內容是否存在構成TBT「國際標準」之可能性及該認定所可能導致之影響,並舉澳洲菸品素面包裝案為模擬實例。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | Out of various purposes, most Countries and international organizations have required or seggusted certain products to be made under certain specifications or dimentions, or with certain amount of ingredients, or even to be made under certain circumstances that may limit the adverse effect on the producers or natural environment. For example, there are requirements for products’ specifications or dimentions in order to facilitate Countries’ customs import procedures, or requirements for maximum residue limits in agriculture products in order to protect human health. However, too much different kinds of requirements or seggustions mentioned above might cause unnecessary confusion and legal barriers to cross-border transactions of products. Thus, in order to reduce unneccesary legal obstacles to international trade, Aritcles 2.4-2.6, 4, 5.4-5.5, and Annex 3 of TBT agreement require WTO Members to use related international standards, if they exist or their completion is imminent, as a basis for their technical regulations, standards or conformity assessment procedures.
Even though related articles of TBT agreement reguire Members to use related international standards as a basis for their technical regulations, standards or conformity assessment procedures, the agreement does not provide the interpretation of “international standards”. This cause many uncertainties while Members applying those harmonization articles mentioned above. To investigate that how WTO agencies or DSB determine a standard as having international nature, I study and analyse related article wordings, historical documents, decisions or suggestions made by WTO agencies’s, and DSB decisions driving from individual dispute cases. In addition, considering that WTO agencies or DSB have no professional ability to decide the standards’ contents of products, and awaring of the importance to clarify the meaning of “international standards” under TBT agreement, I attempt to provide some amendment suggestions to DSB’s current interpretation of “international standards” in order to enhance the adequacy of the interpretation. At last, whereas FCTC has caused serious legal problems in the field of international trade law and investment law, and have been frequently discussed, I attempt to analyse the possibility of demonstrating certain regulations or guidance of FCTC and its protocols and guidelines as the “international standards” under TBT agreement, and the possible effects thereof. Under the last chapter, I also take Australia – Tobacco Plain Packaging dispute as a model case simulating the application of harmonization articles under TBT agreement. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-15T13:40:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-104-R00a21089-1.pdf: 12924419 bytes, checksum: d9c61e4dce2dd04235329e4025565062 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 第一章 緒論 1
第一節 問題意識 1 第二節 研究範圍 5 第三節 研究方法 6 第四節 本文章節安排 7 第二章 TBT「國際標準」之認定:強化正當程序檢驗與尊重技術專業 9 第一節 適用於貨品之標準:類型概述 9 第一項 按貨品標準內容規範事項區分 11 第二項 按貨品標準化工作層級區分 13 第二節 WTO相關機構認定TBT「國際標準」:著重於標準形塑之正當性 16 第一項 TBT協定規範客體 17 第二項 DSB認定TBT「國際標準」之程序面審查 33 第三節 就DSB審查意見之檢討 65 第一項 DSB審查TBT「國際標準」之正當性 65 第二項 檢討一:調整DSB審查TBT「國際標準」之要素基準 69 第三項 檢討二:強化DSB與其他機構合作認定TBT「國際標準」 76 第三章 TBT「國際標準」與TBT協定調和條款之解釋適用 83 第一節 調和條款:制定源起與功能 83 第一項 從GATT到TBT協定 83 第二項 調和條款功能:促進貿易自由及作為WTO體系下與非貿易政策之連結 85 第二節 調和條款義務規範之解釋適用 89 第一項 調和義務觸發:存在相關TBT「國際標準」 91 第二項 調和義務內容:作為會員技術規章基礎 96 第三項 正當偏離調和義務事由 101 第四項 調和義務規範之舉證責任分配爭議 107 第三節 調和條款優惠規範之解釋適用 112 第一項 推定前提:具有合法目的、與相關TBT「國際標準」一致 112 第二項 推定內容:不構成非必要貿易障礙 113 第四章 分析FCTC個別規範作為TBT「國際標準」 116 第一節 公共衛生議題之國際合作與FCTC 117 第一項 公約制定:背景事實 117 第二項 公約架構:運作機關及規範形式 120 第二節 FCTC存在若干得認屬TBT「國際標準」之規範 124 第一項 該當DSB之TBT「國際標準」檢驗基準 124 第二項 得認屬TBT「國際標準」之相關內容 130 第三項 認定FCTC相關規範為TBT「國際標準」之疑慮及實益 135 第三節 FCTC相關規範適用於澳洲菸品素面包裝案 137 第一項 澳洲菸品素面包裝案簡述 137 第二項 FCTC相關規範作為澳洲系爭規範正當化依據之運用 143 第五章 結論 149 參考文獻 153 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | TBT協定下「國際標準」之適當解釋與運用--兼論與菸草控制框架公約規範體系之可能連結 | zh_TW |
dc.title | The Appropriate Interpretation and Application of the 'International Standards' under TBT Agreement -- Analysing Its Possible Linkage with the Regulatory System of FCTC | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 104-1 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 林彩瑜(Tsai-Yu Lin),楊培侃(Pei-Kan Yang) | |
dc.subject.keyword | TBT協定,國際標準,調和,貿易促進,多元價值,菸草控制框架公約,爭端解決, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | TBT agreement,international standards,harmonization,trade facilitation,multiple values,dispute settlement, | en |
dc.relation.page | 172 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2016-01-13 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 法律學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 法律學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 法律學系 |
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