請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件:
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/51547
完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 張尊國 教授(Tsun-Kuo Chang) | |
dc.contributor.author | Abeer Albalawneh | en |
dc.contributor.author | 安亞碧 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-15T13:38:22Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2016-02-16 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2016-02-16 | |
dc.date.issued | 2016 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2016-01-22 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/51547 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 污水和灰水回收再利用在全球範的圍內是水資源開發組合中一個新興的戰略課題。灰水包括生活污水中除去糞便以外的量體,灰水的重要面向包括它的特性、處理技術、再利用方式,與它再利用時產生的相關環境影響。尋找適當的灰水處理的方法仍然是個挑戰,因為選擇所依據於幾個變因,如灰水的品質和數量、氣候條件、處理成本、操作條件,與預期再利用標的所相關聯的品質要求。在缺水的乾旱或半乾旱國家如約旦,這一挑戰尤其嚴峻。
本論文的第一個目標是開發、安裝與驗證一個高效、簡便且經濟實惠的分散式灰水處理系統,可適用於乾旱和半乾旱地區的農村住戶以灌溉農園為目的使用。其次目標是檢討通過處理後灰水灌溉對土壤電導度(EC)和土壤品質的影響,經兩年使用後調查,評估灰水回收再利用的可持續性。此外,亦訪查灰水再利用戶使用後的認知與態度,並歸納他們的使用經驗。 本論文對灰水的特性和各種灰水處理技術進行了回顧。這種分析有助於對現場灰水處理系統的設計參數篩選。因此,進行現場研究測試,以收集有關人工濕地的處理效率,並確定最適用於乾旱條件下地區的設計參數(即:介質尺寸,床的尺寸,和植生型式)。這項研究的結果表明,無植生的碎石過濾床的性能比在同樣條件下的其他人工濕地組合更好。利用這些結果,進行了另一項研究,集中在一系列碎石過濾系統(GFS)的設計和處理效率評價。試驗使用的碎石過濾系統主要由三個處理階段組成:前處理(即:沉澱和篩除),主要處理(即:碎石過濾床(FB)),和後處理(如:過濾),並選用了兩種不同的在地材料介質即火山凝灰岩礫和礫石進行了測試。 試驗共構建了十五場處的碎石過濾系統(GFS)和連續兩年的操作監測。每個碎石過濾系統(GFS)提供約旦農村住家一個單一的灰水處理和再利用於農園灌溉系統。為了評價碎石過濾系統(GFS)的處理效率,對進水和出水水質進行監測比較。此外亦對使用兩年灌溉的農園場地其前後的土壤化學特性進行了比較。另外,也設計了結構化問卷收集用戶數據,調查使用者的經驗。 所有的碎石過濾系統(GFS)不論是使用凝灰岩礫或礫石介質皆能充分處理灰水,因為它們能有效去除原水中所含的有機污染物。使用火山凝灰岩礫介質的系統較使用礫石介質的系統更為有效,但其出水含有較高的陰離子和陽離子濃度。儘管其水質符合約旦灌溉用水的標準限值,但還需要進一步研究,以提升系統的處理效率。研究亦顯示使用碎石過濾系統(GFS)處理的灰水回收灌溉於農園經兩年後,所監測的關鍵土壤性質參數皆沒有任何明顯的不利影響。監測所有住戶場地的平均數據顯示,在土壤中的電導度(EC)顯著降低,平均值由灌溉前為0.97 dS/m 下降到0.41 dS/m。所有的用戶皆注意到他們農園的生產率獲得改善,以及約半數住戶注意到他們淡水的消耗減少。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | Wastewater and greywater recycling is an emerging strategy being implemented worldwide to supplement water resource portfolios. Greywater comprises domestic wastewater flows, excluding toilet water. Important aspects of greywater include its characteristics, treatment, reuses, and the environmental impacts associated with its recycled. Finding appropriate greywater treatment methods remains a challenge, since the selection depends on several variables such as greywater quality and quantity, climatic conditions, cost, operating conditions, and the quality requirements associated with the intended use of the treated. This challenge is exacerbated in water scarce, arid or semi-arid countries, such as Jordan.
The first goal of this thesis is to develop, install, and validate an efficient, simple, and affordable decentralized greywater treatment method that can be adapted for use by households in arid and semi-arid rural communities for the purpose of restricted agricultural irrigation (grow crops that are not eaten raw by human). Whereas, the second target is to investigate the sustainability of greywater recycling by focusing on the impact of treated greywater irrigation on soil electrical conductivity (EC) and soil quality, after two years of regular use. In addition, it examines perceptions and attitudes of the greywater users, and evaluates their experience practicing greywater treatment and reuse. A review of greywater characteristics and various greywater treatment technologies was conducted. This analysis informed the selection of a constructed wetland treatment system as the suggested on-site greywater treatment system. Therefore, a field study was conducted to collect data about the efficiency of this constructed wetland and to identify the design parameters (i.e., media size, bed dimensions, and plantation types) most suited to arid conditions. The results of this study suggested that non-vegetative beds (granular filter) perform better than the other constructed wetland combinations under these conditions. Using these results, another field study was conducted that focused on the design of a proper granular filtration system (GFS) and evaluated its efficiency as a decentralized greywater treatment system. Our GFS was composed of three treatment stages: pre-treatment (i.e., sedimentation and screening), main treatment (i.e., granular media filtration bed (FB)), and post-treatment (i.e., filtration). Two different local media were tested as FB medium (i.e., volcanic tuff and the gravel). Fifteen GFS were constructed and monitored for two years. Each GFS served a single rural Jordanian home by treating their greywater and recycling it for home garden irrigation. In order to evaluate the efficiency of GFS in greywater treatment, six GFS’s influent and effluent water qualities were monitored. Soil chemical characteristics before and after two years of treated greywater irrigation were compared. In addition, a structured questionnaire was used to collect data from all GFS users about their greywater experience. Our GFSs (using either volcanic tuff or gravel media) adequately treated greywater, as they removed the studied organic contaminants from raw greywater. A GFS that uses volcanic tuff media was more efficient in treating organic contaminants than one that uses gravel media, however, its effluent held a concentration of anions and cations. Despite the quality of GFS effluents was within the permissible limits for restricted irrigation set by the Jordanian standard, further studies are needed to increase the efficiency of the system. Moreover, irrigation using GFSs treated greywater did not have any apparent adverse effects on key soil properties at the studied sites after two years. The average data of all locations monitored showed significant reductions in soil (EC) (the average soil EC before greywater irrigation was 0.97 dS/m and decreased to 0.41 dS/m). All GFS users noticed improvements in their home garden productivity, and about half noticed a reduction in their fresh water consumption. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-15T13:38:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-105-D02622009-1.pdf: 2893311 bytes, checksum: b0b7d694b8710b897dff66015189bbac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | Chapter One: General Introduction and Outlines
1.1 Research Problem and Justification 1 1.2 Research Objectives 6 1.3 Hypotheses and Research Questions 7 1.4 Structure of the Thesis 7 Chapter Two: Greywater Revision and Proposed Greywater Treatment System in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas. 2.1 Introduction 11 2.2 Greywater Categories 12 2.3 Characteristics of Greywater 12 2.3.1 Quantity of Greywater 12 2.3.2 Quality of Greywater 14 2.4 Greywater Reuse Guidelines 20 2.5 Greywater Treatment Technologies 21 2.5.1 Biological Greywater Treatment Systems 24 2.5.2 Physical Greywater Treatment Systems 27 2.5.3 Chemical Greywater Treatment Systems 29 2.5.4 Natural Greywater Treatment Systems 31 2.6 Greywater Recycling Scheme for Agricultural Irrigation Reuses 33 2.7 Appropriate Greywater Treatment System for Rural Arid Area Irrigation 36 Chapter Three: The Efficiency of Horizontal Sub-Surface Flow Constructed Wetland Treatment System in Arid Area Abstract 37 3.1 Introduction 38 3.2 Material and Methods 39 3.2.1 Site Description 39 3.2.2 Treatment System Design 40 3.2.3 Wastewater Quality Monitoring 45 3.2.4 Wastewater Flow Rates and Distribution 45 3.2.5 Statistical Analyses 46 3.2.6 Climate Data 46 3.3 Results 47 3.3.1 HSF-CW Performance 47 3.3.2 Changes in the EC, Major Anions, and Cations 49 3.3.3 Changes in Micronutrients and Heavy Metals 54 3.3.4 Overall Efficiency of HSF-CW 55 3.4 Discussion 58 3.5 Conclusions 63 Chapter Four: Greywater Treatment by Granular Filtration System Using Volcanic Tuff and Gravel Media Abstract 65 4.1 Introduction 66 4.2 Material and Methods 69 4.2.1 Site Description 69 4.2.2 Working Principle and Components of the Granular Filtration System 70 4.2.3 Filtration Media 71 4.2.4 Greywater Flow Rates 71 4.2.5 Greywater Quality Monitoring 72 4.2.6 Statistical Analyses 72 4.3 Results and Discussion 74 4.3.1 Raw Greywater Quantity 74 4.3.2 Raw Greywater Quality 75 4.3.3 Granular Filtration Systems Removal Efficiencies 76 4.3.4 Performance of Granular Filtration Systems over Time 81 4.4 Conclusions 82 Chapter Five: Impacts on Soil Quality after Two Years of Treated Greywater Irrigation Abstract 85 5.1 Introduction 86 5.2 Materials and Methods 88 5.2.1 Site Description 88 5.2.2 Treated Greywater Quality 89 5.2.3 Soil Sampling 90 5.2.4 Rainfall Data 91 5.2.5 Statistical Analyses 91 5.3 Results and Discussion 91 5.3.1 Soil Electrical Conductivity. 91 5.3.2 Soil Chemical Composition Change 97 5.3.2.1 General Chemical Characteristics of the Soil 97 5.3.2.2 Soil Organic Matter Content 98 5.3.2.3 Soil Zinc Content 99 5.3.2.4 Soil Sodicity 99 5.4 Conclusion 101 Chapter Six: Reuse of Treated Greywater for Home Garden Irrigation: Understanding the User’s Experience Abstract 102 6.1 Introduction 103 6.2 Methodology 104 6.2.1 Site Description 104 6.2.2 Household Survey 105 6.2.3 Survey data collection and analysis 106 6.3 Results 106 6.3.1 Characterizing the GFS users 106 6.3.2 Water and wastewater issue for the GFS users 107 6.3.3 Home garden irrigated by treated greywater 107 6.3.4 Experience in using greywater 110 6.4 Discussion 113 6.5 Conclusions 118 Chapter Seven: Main Findings, Recommendations and Future Works 7.1 Main Findings 119 7.2 Recommendations and Future Works 124 2.3 Limitation of this Research 126 Chinese abstract 127 References 128 | |
dc.language.iso | en | |
dc.title | 乾旱地區以碎石過濾系統處理灰水再利用於灌溉之評估 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Evaluation of Recycling Greywater Treated by Granular Filtration System in Arid Areas for Use in Irrigation | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 104-1 | |
dc.description.degree | 博士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 林裕彬 教授(Yu-Pin Lin),蘇明道 教授(Ming-Daw Su),張文亮 教授(Wen-Lian Chang),盧虎生 教授(Huu-Sheng Lur),李達源 教授(Dar-Yuan Lee) | |
dc.subject.keyword | 碎石過濾系統,灰水,乾旱地區,人工濕地,土壤品質,灰水處理, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | greywater,arid areas,granular filtration system,constructed wetland,soil quality,greywater treatment, | en |
dc.relation.page | 138 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2016-01-22 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 生物資源暨農學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 生物環境系統工程學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 生物環境系統工程學系 |
文件中的檔案:
檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
---|---|---|---|
ntu-105-1.pdf 目前未授權公開取用 | 2.83 MB | Adobe PDF |
系統中的文件,除了特別指名其著作權條款之外,均受到著作權保護,並且保留所有的權利。