改編詹姆斯與華頓：《仕女圖》及《純真年代》原著小說及電影劇本之文本比較與分析

Abstract

改編研究與電影研究向來著重於最終作品之剖析，未曾詳盡檢視轉譯過程中之種種細節，然後最終作品（電影）卻是由這些細節形塑而成，重要性不可忽視。小說與劇本之比較分析不僅可凸顯出原作與改編作品之間的異同，更能刻劃出由自小說經由改編劇本轉譯成電影的核心思想。透過此研究模式，我們能進而了解劇作家與導演決意將小說改編成電影之意圖與歷程。改編，不僅僅是文字的挪用，而是具有特定目的與獨特見解的轉譯方法。針對原作與改編作品所進行的深度研究，顯示出原先被視為特有文化或時代背景的文本對於現代觀眾仍能具有當代意義。改編者對於原作的掌握，從戲劇結構到文化意涵，為原作與改編作品同時賦予全新意義。改編劇本做為小說轉譯成電影的中介過程，能使電影與改編研究者更深入了解電影作為改編作品的產出過程和文本特質。

Adaptation studies and film studies have tended to focus on the end product without paying appropriate attention to the processes of translation, which culminate in the film. Comparative analyses of novel and screenplay highlight not only the differences between source texts and their adaptations, but more importantly identify what translates from novel to screenplay and lastly into film. By taking this approach, it is possible to understand what the screenwriters’ and directors’ intentions were when they decided to adapt the novel into film. Adaptation is not wholesale appropriation; it is a method of interpretation undertaken with a distinctive objective and a particular perspective. It demonstrates how texts that are considered culture-bound and irrelevant to contemporary audiences can be imbued with new significance through the identification of dramatic structure and universal meaning. By focusing on the screenplays as part of the process of novel-to-film adaptations, we’re able to understand the film more completely as an adaptation.