國際農業保險制度比較

Abstract

臺灣農作物保險還在萌芽階段，目前僅試辦高接梨農作物保險，透過純保費法分析現行之保費，發現該保險之保費偏高，而其他實行農作物保險之配套措施也尚未規劃完整。本研究以實行經驗豐富的美國、加拿大、歐盟，和與臺灣農業型態相近的日本、韓國為研究對象，分析各國之經驗後，從中找出值得臺灣效法之處。 在經營模式方面，初期由政府主導民營保險公司的行政經營，即公私夥伴關係模式，直接減少民營保險公司的行政成本，待民營保險公司熟悉作業流程後，轉成具有政府補貼之商業經營模式。在政府補貼方面，可藉由政府與民營保險公司共同經營，一同負責保險損害評估、管理及損失理賠等業務，以補貼民營保險公司之行政成本。在承保風險方面，應提供保險金額較低之多重農作物災害保險，再以單一風險保險因應不同農作物所面臨的主要天然災害。在保險金額方面，應依農民對風險承受程度的不同，而提供不同比例之保險金額。在再保險方面，應由政府對於一定比例以上之賠付率，提供再保險，超出政府負荷之賠付率，由政府至國際再保險市場再保險。

This research found that the crop insurance premium of top-grafted pears in Taiwan is relatively higher and lack of completed supplementary measures. It will also further discuss the United States, Canada, EU, Japan and Korea’s experiences as comparison. By analyzing these well-developed agricultural insurance countries’ experiences, it’s expected to find out valuable solutions for Taiwan. In the aspect of managing, government could lead the executive operations of private insurance companies to trim their executive cost directly and then turn to commercial mode after private insurance companies getting used to the process. For government’s subsidies, the research propose joint operation of the government and private insurance companies. The executive costs could be lowered by the participation and subsidies of the government. As for the risk of insurance, multiple peril crop insurance with lower insured amount should be offered and adding on single-risk insurance to deal with specific natural disasters of each crops corresponding. For reinsurance, the government should in charge of the reinsurance for a specific proportion and seek for global reinsurance market if it’s over capabilities.