紅色供應鏈之崛起與台灣LED產業之競爭策略

Abstract

LED是自愛迪生發明電燈以來的重要革命，LED的大量運用，造就台灣的LED產業成為全球最大，但中國在2010年開始以國家隊的姿態，對LED廠進行補助，LED產業在中國列為十二五計劃中重點扶植產業後，狂潮襲捲全球，掀起的價格戰、規模戰，進而引發全球LED產業的併購潮、倒閉潮，即使是國際大廠如飛利浦、歐司朗、GE、三星等也不得不將旗下的LED事業進行分拆，或是陸續退出。台灣LED飽受紅色供應鏈的衝擊，陸資廠靠政府的補助，進行殺價競爭、以高於五倍的薪資對技術人員進行挖角，價格掉、人才流失，接著就是股價市值直直落，最後再被中國的公司入主，這樣的惡性循環，持續在台灣的科技業上演。一個產業對抗一個國家的競爭，讓整個產業在三年內市場供需失序，LED從雲端滑落谷底，變成「慘業」。 本研究針對目前台灣LED產業進行整理和研究分析，在面對艱鉅的產業環境中提出策略思考，以及對政府的建議，前車之鑑，並給其他台灣仍具有優勢的產業借鏡，以防止重蹈遭紅色供應鏈吞沒之覆轍。 從零組件、終端、消費者的價值鏈來考量，中國產業鏈上下游一體化的發展時機已漸成熟，加上中央與地方政府政策的強力扶植，中國將成為全球電子零組件市場不容忽視的新勢力。特別是目前市場、資金、人才等資源不斷向中國傾斜，其對於我國電子零組件產業的衝擊與挑戰將值得留意，也希望能夠拋磚引玉，期望政府與業界能正視紅色供應鏈這個議題，且積極展開應變。 從兩岸LED廠的較勁，發現紅潮是無法抵擋，中國擁有全球最大的市場和消費能力，不如邀請陸資入股，著眼不在於金錢，而是要市場，要策略，聯手將產業作大;台廠也可聯合國際大廠對抗紅色供應鏈，例如晶電可以與飛利浦集團合作，讓晶電和Lumileds合併;台灣企業仍擁有專利的優勢，要持續創新，作大陸公司無法快速跨入的利基產品;政府則應帶頭節能，大量汰換LED照明，並立法要求新建大樓的節能比重。

LED is crucial revolution since Mr. Thomas Edison invented the electric bulb. Wide applications of LED make Taiwanese LED industry at the position of worldwide No.1. Taiwanese LED Enterprises enjoyed highest profitability in 2010 but it also attracted heavy competition. To establish LED industry is key subject of Twelfth Five-Year Plan of China. The China LED firms, which government subsidizes created chaotic contest among global LED industry. Tactics of price competition and scale war from China national teams initiated turbulent undercurrents, which are waves of merge and acquisition and cascades of collapses. Even, the international enterprises, such as Philips, Osram, GE and Samsung, are forced to spin-off their LED business or withdraw, successively. The red supply chain strongly impacts Taiwanese LED industry. Based on government’s subsidies, China LED firms dump LED products in global market. China LED firms offer 5 times salary to poach Taiwanese LED engineers and related talents. Because Taiwanese industry of science and technology is losing competitiveness, the vicious cycle of market price ruggedly dropping, talents seriously loss, then stock price declining, finally China firms acquire Taiwanese LED companies. This story repeats among Taiwanese science and technology industry. A single industry competes with a country that causes disorder between market supply and demand. LED industry falls from cloud to ground. LED business became miserable industry. This research summarizes and analyzes current situation of Taiwanese LED industry. Under such difficult industrial environment, this research provides strategic thinking and suggestions to government. The other Taiwanese industries, which still have advantages can learn from this instructive precedent to prevent repeated annexation by red supply chain. From value chain perspective of components, terminals and consumers, development of up and down stream of China industrial chain is mature, gradually. Additionally, under China central and local government strongly fostering, China industries are new force to be reckoned within global electric components industry. Especially in the current market, capital, personnel and other resources have been inclined to China, which we have to pay attention to impacts and challenges to our electronic components industry. Expecting our government and industry can face the red supply chain issues, and actively expand the strain. From the cross-strait LED plants rivalry, threaten from China is irresistible, China has the world's largest market and consumption capacity, it is better to let them having join venture with Taiwan companies, but not focusing market capital racing, instead of the market.The policy is to join forces to make a stronger industry; Taiwan factory can also be combined with international companies against the red supply chain, such as Epistar can cooperate with the Philips Group, let Epistar and Lumileds merger; Taiwanese companies still have proprietary advantage to innovate continuely, so that the mainland companies can not quickly entered the niche product market; the government should take the leading role in green power, using the large quantity LED lighting to replace the traditional lighting and energy-saving legislation requires the proportion of new building.