從「全球夥伴關係」至「特殊戰略全球夥伴關係」──日本對印度外交戰略之探討（2000-2015）

Abstract

在中國崛起與美國重返亞洲的前提下，日印合作對亞洲區域秩序的影響也漸受重視。日本與印度關係自2000年起急速拉近，交流日益頻繁，並不斷提升夥伴關係。2000年8月日相森喜朗訪印，雙方締結「全球夥伴關係」宣布展開全方位合作；2006年12月升格「戰略全球夥伴關係」，揭示透過雙邊合作重新定義亞洲區域秩序的目標；2014年締結「特殊戰略全球夥伴關係」進一步將重心往安保移動，深化防衛合作防止區域秩序被挑戰，目標明顯指向中國。 回顧過去日印關係的相關研究，對於日印發展的預測分為前進論、有條件的前進論、保留論三種不同的觀點。本研究以後冷戰時期的「一霸四強」國際體系架構為基礎，以文獻分析法為主，甫以歷史結構分析法，將日印關係嵌入「一霸四強」國際現勢中，分析日本如何回應美中競爭，探究日本的亞洲戰略中印度的戰略位置，並透過日本對印戰略佈局與印度回應，預測日印關係的發展。本文分析認為，日印關係嵌入「一霸四強」國際現勢後可明顯看出環境對日印的制約，安保合作牽制中國是日印合作的核心，只要「一霸四強」體系沒有產生根本的變化，而美、中兩國繼續加大力道試圖平衡對方影響力，為回應一霸四強體系中美中帶來的壓力，日印關係將會持續深化。

Due to the rise of China and the US “Pivot to Asia” strategy, scholars are paying more attention to the impact of Japan-India cooperation on the Asian regional order With more conversation since 2000, Japan and India rapidly strengthened the bilateral ties and have been developing their partnership. Japanese prime minister Yoshirou Mori visited India in August 2000, with “Japan-India Global Partnership in the 21st Century” being established and full cooperation being acknowledged. In December 2006, their relations were further defined as “Japan-India Strategic and Global Partnership,” through which, they jointly redefined the goal for Asian regional order. In 2014, Japan and India established “Japan-India Special Strategic and Global Partnership”, which was undeniably aimed at China. This made India’s strategic position closer to the US-Japan alliance and indirectly enhanced the capability of preventing the Asian regional order from being challenged. Reviewing the literature relating to Japan-India relations, prospects for the development of Japan-India relations can be grouped into three categories of views - “optimistic” “optimistic but conditional” and “suspicious”. This thesis, based on the theory of “One Hegemon Plus Four Major Powers”, embeds Japan-India relations in the current international structure, “One Hegemon Plus Four Major Powers”. It analyzes how Japan responded to the US-China competition, searches for Japan’s strategic position in Asia, explains India’s reactions, and predicts the development of Japan-India relations. The thesis concludes that Japan-India relations are constrained by the environment, which is the international system, “One Hegemon Plus Four Major Powers”. Containing China through “Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan” is the core of the Japan-India cooperation. As long as the system of “One Hegemon Plus Four Major Powers,” remains fundamentally unchanged while the US and China making efforts balancing each other, Japan-India relations will keep developing in order to handle the pressure from the international system of “One Hegemon Plus Four Major Powers”.