都市地區國民小學配置之空間分析─以臺北市內湖區為例

Abstract

臺灣人口的少子女化趨勢，因出生數減少使學齡人口亦隨之減少，尤以都市地區之國民小學將因學齡人口大幅減少、招生不足而面臨減班、整倂或廢校之重大轉變。而都市計畫劃設多年遲未開闢之國小用地該如何因應人口結構與供給需求的改變，配合調整開闢之優先次序、區位配置與空間分布，以適應當前學校發展與地方需求，達到公共設施服務之效率性、經濟性與公平性。 都市地區之新市區人口移入數量較舊市區成長快速，學齡人口與國民小學需求較高，顯有開闢學校之必要性與迫切性。本研究以臺北市近年發展快速之內湖區為研究地區，以內湖區之16處國小設施為研究對象，分析國小設施增闢情形與區位分佈之服務水準及區位績效，以建立增闢國小用地之優先次序及因應對策，提供政府部門或決策者調整都市計畫之規劃參考。 本研究針對臺北市內湖區現況已開闢國小用地及都市計畫國小用地兩項研究主體進行探討，運用地理資訊系統資料庫中的臺北市內湖區相關屬性資料，利用凡諾依圖形(Voronoi Diagram)劃分服務範圍邊界，進行國小用地區位分佈之服務範圍、平均通學距離、服務學齡人口數及每生享有校地面積之區位績效分析，並假設模擬三種情境分析：一、現況學區與都市計畫國小設施之比較；二、假設預計增闢1處國小設施；三、假設預計增闢2處國小設施等三種情境分析探討。 本研究發現現況學區中的潭美、東湖、新湖、文湖、大湖及麗山國小之區位績效已優於都市計畫開闢後之績效表現。假設自內湖區3處未開闢國小用地中增闢1處國小，以個別區位績效決定增闢優先次序則為：(1)羊稠(2)寶湖(3)新明國小；以整體區位績效決定增闢優先次序則為：(1)羊稠(2)新明(3)寶湖國小。如預計增闢2處國小設施，以個別區位績效決定增闢優先次序則為：(1)羊稠、寶湖國小(2)羊稠、新明國小 (3)新明、寶湖國小；以整體區位績效決定增闢優先次序則為：(1)羊稠、寶湖國小(2)新明、寶湖國小(3)羊稠、新明國小。建議政府部門或決策者可運用區位分析模式及地理資訊系統資料探討國小用地配置之空間分析成果，以作為調整都市計畫及增闢優先次序之規劃參考。

The depopulation trend in Taiwan, as a result of the low birth rate decreased the school-age population. On the decrease elementary school-age population in urban area changes that include inadequate enrollment, reduce the number of classes, consolidation or close down schools. However, undeveloped school planned over years to response the changes betweent population construction, supply and demand. Then modify the priorities of development, locations and arrangement to adapt present scool development and local need, attain the efficiency economically and justly of public facilities service. In urban area, the moved-in population and growth rapid in new town is higer and faster than the old one. It shows schools development demand is higher, necessary and urgently. In recent years, Neihu district is in the most rapid development in Taipei city, sixteen schools of Neihu district are included for the case study. The analysis of elementary school locations and level of service, in order to construct the priorities of additional developed schools policy that can be provided to the gorventment. The research discusses the current status of developed elementary school and urban planning elementary school in Neihu district in Taipei city. The application of using Vornoi Diagram to divide service boundary of elementary school by Geography Information System and proceed spatial analysis of service area, commute distance, school-age population and available area per student. Besides, the 3 assumption: (1) compared between current status and urban planning elementary schools; (2) plan to develope only one elementary school and (3) plan to develop 2 elementary school from 3 undeveloped elementary school in Neihu district. The results show that the current status of the location performance in the elementary school of Tanmei, Donghu, Xinhu, Wenhu, Dahu, Lishan, is superior to those urban planning elementary school facilities after developed in the future. The research assumed that the government plan to develop additional only one elementary school from 3 undeveloped elementary school, the priorities of developed elementary school by individual locations performance: (1)Yangchou (2)Baohu (3)Shinming elementary school；the priorities of developed elementary school by intergrated locations performance: (1)Yangchou (2)Shinming (3)Baohu elementary school. To develop 2 additional undeveloped elementary school, the priorities by individual locations performance: (1)Yangchou, Baohu (2)Yangchou, Shinmain (3) Shinming, Baohu elementary school; the priorities of developed elementary school by intergrated locations performance: (1)Yangchou, Baohu (2)Shinming, Baohu (3)Yangchou, Shinming elementary school. In the future, the urban planning and additional developed program can be improved by location analysis and Geography Informaiton System to proof the spatial analysis of elementary school.