國家鑲嵌下的支配與變革： 以從事兩岸交流的大陆高校學生組織為例

Abstract

過去研究中所討論的陸生與台生互動，多針對兩者在交流接觸產生之認同演化，如描述兩岸學子在對岸的求學目標、身份定位、政策影響和生活際遇。本文試圖將個人尺度延伸到社團組織範疇，從在地地方延伸至跨界互動層面，藉由兩岸青年學生社團在交流中的典型案例，闡述跨界制度場域的互動。兩岸恢復交流以來，青年學生成為了在兩岸分治大環境下減少陌生感、互通訊息的重要主體。青年學生以高校社團為載體，因交往之需要，成員試圖擴大制度規則的範圍，通過納入新成員（聯盟）的方式提高組織機構的擴撒能力（行動能力），同時這種互動填補了兩岸青年半官方互動的空白狀態，從而取得官方認可，進一步提升了青年代表的層級身份；另一方面，中共國家鑲嵌體系對制度成員構成了約束，形塑了他們的角色分工與影響力。這些同類高校學生組織成立半官方的對台交流聯盟，從而在行政體制網絡下成功搭建起內部的精英網絡，擴大了交流的發揮空間，也成為了兩岸互訪互動的設計者。 本文以鑲嵌為視角，以兩岸青年交流政策變遷為線索，嘗試解讀在青年交流場域中的國家與青年學生組織不對稱權力與依賴下的支配與變革。

In most existing studies discussing interactions between local Taiwanese students and Mainland Chinese students in Taiwan, the focus is on the change of identity caused in the process of interactions. The change of identity of students from both sides of the strait, for example, can be on the aspects of study goals, status orientation, policy influences and daily experiences. In this work, we aim to extend the scope of such discussions from the personal or individual level to the level of related Cross-Strait Exchange Student Associations, from local examples to Cross-Strait and to describe by analyzing typical examples in the process of interactions between Cross-Strait Exchange Student Associations. Since the restoration of interactions across the strait, young students has become an important subject for easing strangeness and exchanging messages in the background of political and administrative division. These students have, acting via student organizations in colleges and universities, tried to expand system space. due to the need of interaction activities, strengthened the diffusivity or competence of their organizations by recruiting new members or uniting with other student organizations and in the meantime, compensated for the lack of semi-official youth interactions across the strait, which in turn received acknowledgement from the authorities and resulted in a raise of the hierarchical status of youth representatives. On the other hand, Chinese state embeddedness has restrained these organization members and shaped their division of roles as well as their respective influences. Aimed for interactions with Taiwan, the semi-official alliance of organization members from five universities in northern China has successfully built an inward network of elites upon the basis of the existing administrative system, therefore made more room for interaction activities and become the designer of mutual visits and interactions across the strait. In this study we examine the transition of policies regarding youth interactions between Mainland China and Taiwan to analyze the domination and change between the state and student associations in the field of youth interactions.