臺北市因應日租套房問題之研究

Abstract

近年來Airbnb等房屋短期租賃網路平台興起並蔚為風潮，在都會區的短期租屋型態多是位處於住宅大廈中，以住家套房形式出租給旅客，俗稱為「日租套房」。但是日租套房未取得旅館業登記證，為非法經營，其中臺北市日租套房房源數量龐大、居六都之冠。 本研究以臺北市為研究對象，以伊斯頓（Easton）的系統理論為研究途徑，運用文獻分析法及深度訪談法，剖析形成該問題的環境因素、不同的利害關係人相關意見及需求、主管機關因應作為，並且審視決策及產出是否有效處理該問題，進而提出相關建議。 在環境因素部分，探討全球旅遊型態及客群變遷、外國因應作為以及臺北市旅宿業概況，並且發現旅宿業者、社區居民、消費者、平台業者、日租套房業者等輸入製造者各有不同的立場及訴求。本研究並分析臺北市因應日租套房問題的組織體系與運作，以及審視北市府主要的政策產出包括：訂定法規、提升稽查與管理能量、建立合作關係與蒐集利害關係人意見，進而剖析該等政策產出是否回應社會需求。 本研究發現，臺北市在因應該問題面臨的瓶頸與困難，非由臺北市政府一方之力可治理，需要中央政府以及利害關係人共同面對方能有效因應，並建議政府處理該問題應該以全觀思維釐清目標，秉持居民自決及社區受益原則，綜觀正負面影響並與利害關係人合作，以透明公開流程檢討旅宿業法規且配合有效執法。

Due to online-platform technology prospering(such as Airbnb), short-term rentals have been booming in recent years. Most of short-term rentals in metropolitan area is located in residential community and rented to tourists. However, short-term rentals in Taiwan have not obtained the hotel registration certificate and illegally operated. The number of short-term rentals in Taipei City is huge, ranking first in the six Municipalities in Taiwan. Based on Easton's system theory, the study focuses on Taipei City. Using literature review and in-depth interview, the study analyzes the social environment changes behind the issue, the opinions and demands of stakeholders, and the policy responses from the administrative authority. The paper intends to examine whether the policy and regulatory outputs are effective in handling the issue, and try to provide suggestions for future improvements. Through examining the changes in consumer travel trends, the other countries’s responses in this issues, and the general situation of Taipei's hospitality industry, the paper found that the 5 types of actors have conflicting interests: hotel industry, local residents, consumers, online platform, and short-term rental operators. Next ,the paper focuses on the operation of the system, examines the outputs of the Taipei City Government, including regulatory outputs, and efforts to improve capabilities of inspection and management, establish partnerships, and collect opinions from stakeholders. Arguing whether outputs meet demands of the actors, the study founds that the bottleneck and difficulty faced by Taipei City and in response to the problem cannot be managed by the Taipei City Government alone. It requires the central government, municipalitiy and stakeholders to deal with it effectively. The study suggests that the government should deal with the problem with to clarify goals through a holistic view, uphold the principles of self-determination of residents and community benefits, look at the positive and negative impacts and cooperate with stakeholders, review the laws and regulations of the hotel industry with transparent and open procedures, and cooperate with effective law enforcement.