導入可操作性及可維修性以減少基設與細設爭議之可行性探討

Abstract

公共工程推動執行過程必需投入大量人力、物力資源與各種成本，歷經可行性評估、初步規劃、基本設計、細部設計、發包、施工、測試到最終的完工驗收，整個工程執行過程中費時數年甚至十餘年。尤其統包工程之執行係根據基本設計及業主需求書所定義之需求作為作業及估價基礎；越深化細部設計則慢慢浮現基本設計與細部設計理念不一致處。此時不一致處之處理方式將影響雙方之權利與義務，希望藉由本研究的結果能夠更明確區分機關委託技術服務廠商評選及計費辦法中基本設計與細部設計之權責與責任，以期能減少工程爭議及工期延遲為目標。 本研究藉由使用端之「可操作性」及「可維修性」之影響因子，試圖從中發現基本設計與細部設計的爭論點與注意事項，並運用檢核表格評估基本設計及細部設計是否滿足使用端之要求；由雙方共識建立之原則與依據，據此執行方能有效掌控工程整體品質並有效降低建造成本。 本研究過程中藉由問卷調查、專家訪談及案例分析，試著找出尋找設計過程的爭議及處理時應注意的條件事項，期望因而能找出爭議緣由以為後續規畫設計之參照，由基本設計的合宜化讓細部設計更容易達到業主功能需求，並讓工程專案執行更為順利，並且能兼顧最佳設計品質和降低成本。

Implementation of public construction projects are very labor intensive and costly. In order to achieve the final completion and acceptance by the owner, the process includes feasibility evaluation, preliminary planning, basic of design, detail design, bidding, construction and testing & commissioning. Sometimes, the entire process will take from few years to more than a decade. In particular, for a turnkey project, the project base line is defined in the owner’s operational manual and approved basic of design by the contractor. The contractor will use these as a base to come up with a cost proposal and basis of future execution. However, the cognitive discrepancy and inconsistency between the owner and contractor will slowly come out along with detail design progress, resulting in affecting the rights and obligations of both parties. The purpose of this report is to provide a effective approach to clearly distinct the responsibilities and accountability during the basic design and detail design stages so that the project delay causing by controversy can be mitigated. In order to assess whether the basic design and detail design meet the owner’s requirement, end user’s operability and maintainability need to be taken into consideration and reach owner’s approval in the very beginning of the design. As long as both parties have the agreeable baseline, the project can be effectively implemented leading to better quality and cost improvements. This study utilized the questionnaires survey, interviews with experts and numerous case studies. According to the available collecting data, the study is trying to identify the controversy and unforeseen conditions which need to be handled with extra attention during the design process. Using the result of this study, we expect to find out the root cause of controversies between parties. The contractor can use this study as a reference to improve their basic of design in a more appropriate and effective way so that they can easily to achieve the functionality requirement of the owner. In the meantime, this will drive the project execution more smoothly and provide the best benefits to the project in terms of design quality and cost reduction.