地點與設施意義對景觀適合色之影響

Abstract

色彩是我們生活中十分重要的元素，在設計上也扮演十分重要的角色。根據過去相關研究指出，不同環境、物件皆有其意義，且當意義不同時，其適合色彩也會不同，由此可知，地點與設施之意義會影響其適合色彩，然而，過去景觀適合相關研究中，大多只探討視覺上之協調，並且都只針對單一地點或物件探討適合色彩，但是在景觀環境中，設施位於某環境時，其適合色彩應會受到設施本身意義以及其所在地點意義之影響，因此，本研究將以三個不同的角度切入，探討景觀地點、設施意義對於適合色彩之影響，了解適合色彩並不僅止於視覺上的協調，並進一步探討適合色彩是否受到物件意義或其所處環境脈絡影響。 首先，研究一將延續Cheng, Lee, and Shen (2016)的研究，並利用意象代替意義來測量意義對於適合色之影響，使用意象一致性的概念，說明當地點意象與色彩意象相符時，該色彩會為該地點之適合色彩。研究一將使用問卷方式調查人們對地點與色彩的意象，再使用Cheng et al. (2016)調查人們認為地點適合色之數據進行分析，而研究結果顯示，當地點意象與色彩意象越相符時，該色彩越會是該地點之適合色。 接著，本研究便會透過意義方面進行探討，研究二會使用歸納的方法，來測量人們對於不同地點與不同設施之適合色彩的看法，並進一步探討設施適合色彩是否會受到其所處地點意義之影響。研究二也將使用問卷方式調查人們對不同地點之不同設施適合色之想法，並使用對應分析了解地點、設施與色彩之間的對應關係。而研究結果顯示，不同意義的地點及設施之適合色彩會不同，例如，主題樂園之適合色彩會偏向彩度、明度高之色彩，而住宿設施則偏向彩度高、明度低之色彩；此外，研究結果也發現，同一設施位於不同地點時，其適合色彩也會有所不同，並且推測地點意義之影響會大於設施本身意義影響。 而研究三也會從意義的方面探討，但將會使用演繹的方法來測量，研究三會透過問卷調查方式，使用相同景觀背景但設施色彩不同之照片，並改變其地點標籤與設施標籤，詢問受測者其認為之色彩適合程度。而研究三結果顯示，改變地點標籤會讓色彩的適合程度不同，此結果與研究二結果相同，當設施位於某地點時，其所處之地點意義會比其設施本身意義對適合色彩之影響還大；此外，研究三結果也證實，色彩之彩度、明度、色相皆為影響適合色彩之因素。 透過此三個研究，本研究可以知道，意義的確為影響適合色彩之原因之一，從初步使用意象代替意義方式探討時便可知道，當地點與色彩意象相符時，該地點與該色彩之適合程度便會越高，由此可知意義對於適合色之影響；並且進一步使用意義探討時也可發現，不同意義之地點與設施之適合色彩會不同，且同一設施位於不同地點時其適合色彩亦會不同，而在相同景觀環境下，當地點標籤改變時，色彩適合程度也會改變，由此可以證實，適合色彩會受到意義影響，並且本研究根據結果推測，設施之適合色彩主要會受到地點意義之影響。 因此，本研究可以證實，景觀之適合色彩其實並不僅止於視覺上之協調，更會受到物件、環境意義影響，並且，當物件位於某環境時，其環境脈絡會較容易影響其適合色彩，且色彩之色相、彩度、明度皆亦為影響適合色彩的因素。希望透過本研究之研究結果，可以提供未來研究不同的探討方向，並且也能提供景觀環境設計時的應用準則，讓設計能更貼近使用者需求，創造更完善、舒適的環境以供人們使用，並讓設施也能成為美化環境之元素之一。

Color is one of the main factors for environmental design, and also plays an important role in our everyday life. Many studies have indicated that different environments, buildings or objects all have different functions and meanings, and also have different compatible colors as well. Researchers have further suggested that the meaning of the objects might influence their compatible color. However, many studies which about environmental compatibility usually focus on aspect of vision and compatible colors of single place or single object. While buildings or facilities have their own meanings, the environments where the facilities were placed has their own meanings as well. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to discuss the effects of place and facility meanings on compatible colors. It is hoped that we can explore that compatible color not only affected by vision but also affected by facility meaning and place meaning. The current study tried to explore the aforementioned issues from three different perspectives. First of all, the first study will extend the study of Cheng et al. (2016), and use image instead of meaning to explore the effects of the meanings on compatible color. Using the concept of self-congruity, the study suggested that when the place and the color images are congruent, the color would be considered the compatible color of the place. An online survey was conducted to understand how did people think about the images of places and the colors. And then analyzed with the data of compatible colors from the study of Cheng et al. (2016). The results indicated that color/place compatibility is positively related to their image congruity. The second study used inductive method to understand that how do people think about compatible color of different place and facility, and further explore that weather the context of the place affects compatible color of facility. Through the corresponded analysis, second study explored the colors associated with the different facilities in different outdoor recreational places. The results showed different places and different facilities indeed have different compatible colors. For example, the colors with higher brightness and saturation were more likely to associate with theme park; the colors with high brightness and low saturation were more associated with accommodation facilities. In addition, the results also showed that the compatible colors for certain facility would be different when it was located in different places, and the effect of place meaning would be stronger than facility meaning. From the deductive perspective, a web-based photo survey was conducted in the third study. Respondents were asked to rate the color compatibility of a landscape facility with 37 different colors, while the meanings of the facility and landscape were randomly assigned.Results showed that changing place label would make the compatibility of color be different, which was similar to the results of the second study. The facility in the place, the place meaning would all affect the compatible colors of the facility. Furthermore, the results also indicated that chroma, value, and hue all have different effects on compatibility of color. Through these three studies, we may conclude that meaning would affect the compatible color. According the results of the first study let us know that congruent meanings are one of the reason for color to be compatible. Further, the results of second study and third study suggested that different places and facilities will have different compatible color, and the compatible colors for certain facility would be different when it was located in certain places. The results suggested that compatible color would be affected by meaning, and the place meaning could be one of the main reasons on compatible color of facility than facility meaning. As the conclusion, results of this study suggested that compatible color of landscape not only affected by vision but also by the meaning as well. In addition, when objects are located in the environment, the environment context will also influence the compatible color. The present study suggested a new approach to color compatibility assessments, and supplies an appropriate planning policy of environmental design to create the environment that can make people feel comfortable. The results can also help to make facility to become one of elements to enhance environment.