越南籍新移民女性生活對策與資訊行為之研究 -以臺北市萬華區新移民服務機構為例

Abstract

根據內政部入出國及移民署的統計，2013年底臺灣的大陸及外籍配偶的人數高達486,703人，以來自大陸地區和東南亞國家的女性最多，即所謂「新移民女性」。目前越南籍新移民女性在臺人數僅次於大陸地區，在語言、生活習慣與文化等有較大差異，適應過程較為艱辛。再者，由D’Elia所開發的圖書館使用者行為觀念模式，指出參加較多的文化、社區及成人教育活動，最有可能轉變成圖書館的使用者。一般而言，新移民人數愈多且資源愈好的縣市，其參與辦理新移民相關業務的政府或民間機構也愈多。在臺北市各行政區以萬華區新移民人數最多，而萬華區內新移民服務機構參加人數，除大陸籍配偶之外，以越南籍新移民女性為多。因此，本研究以曾參加臺北市萬華區新移民服務機構的越南籍新移民女性為研究對象，探討其資訊行為。具體而言，係藉由日常生活資訊行為的視角，探究她們的生活樣貌，以及她們在日常生活中面臨問題採用因應對策，希冀瞭解她們所需資訊、獲取資訊管道、資訊使用情況，和資訊在其經營日常生活扮演角色、功用。 本研究採取質性研究之訪談法並佐以觀察，而以半結構式深度訪談蒐集資料，訪談對象為十五位曾參加臺北市萬華區新移民服務機構的越南籍新移民女性，年齡從27至47歲，在臺年限及婚齡平均年數分別為11年。 本研究結果發現越南籍新移民女性的日常生活樣貌可由「生活活動」、「消費模式」、「生活態度」等三面向加以具體描述，瞭解受訪者如何組成生活。當她們面對日常生活問題，所需資訊類型有四種，分別是生存活動資訊、角色所需資訊、實用資訊、特殊需求資訊，而獲取的資訊管道則是人際網絡、機構管道、傳播媒體、網路管道、電話管道、資訊偶遇、其他管道等七種。另外，使用資訊有五種，分別是口語資訊、印刷資訊、視聽資訊、網路資訊及個人經驗。資訊在她們的日常生活發揮解決問題、學習增能、自助助人、滿足興趣、減緩思鄉情緒、爭取社會福利之功用。 越南籍新移民女性資訊行為的特徵主要發現包括： 1. 越南籍新移民女性日常生活會因在臺居住時間改變生活方式 2. 越南籍新移民女性的資訊需求會因在臺居住時間而有所轉變 3. 越南籍新移民女性需要生存活動、角色任務、實用性及特殊需求的資訊 4. 越南籍新移民女性透過多元管道搜尋資訊，並以人際管道最常使用 5. 越南籍新移民女性受到個人、資訊、問題及時空因素影響資訊使用 6. 越南籍新移民女性偏好口語資訊 7. 越南籍新移民女性所需資訊具有多種功能 8. 越南籍新移民女性的社會網絡愈擴展資訊行為愈豐富 基於研究過程及結果之心得，本研究對於新移民服務機構的實務工作者提出三項建議，分別是「善加規劃服務內容以促進新移民與資訊互動機會」、「增進新移民使用資訊科技解決生活問題」、「提升新移民資訊素養以有效因應生活所需資訊」。

According to the NIA, the number of foreign spouses in Taiwan reached 486,703 by the end of 2013. These foreign spouses, so-called “new immigrant women,” are mostly from Mainland China and South-East Asia. Among them, the Vietnamese are numbered second, only less than Mainland Chinese. These immigrants face difficulties in language, convention and culture. Based on D'Elia’s conceptual model of public library user behavior, he pointed out that those who participate more in cultural, community and educational activities are more likely to become library users. Generally speaking, if there are more immigrants in the city, the municipal divisions should be able to provide more activities for new immigrants. The amount new immigrants in Wanhua district of Taipei City ranks first in all districts in Taipei. In Wanhua district, the Vietnamese immigrants participate in related activities provided for the new immigrants, second to Mainland Chinese immigrants. Therefore this study chose new female Vietnamese immigrants (the term “Vietnamese immigrants” is used interchangeably here) who participated in activities related to new immigrant services in Wanhua district as research participants, in order to explore their information behaviors. The purpose of this study focuses on their lifestyle, life strategies, information needs, information sources, information channels, and the way of using information, from the perspective of everyday life information behaviors. This study used qualitative research methods, including in-depth interview and field observation. The researcher implemented semi-structured interviews with fifteen interviewees, aged from 27 to 47. The interviewees have married to Taiwan and lived in Taipei for the average of 11 years. The result indicated that the daily lives of these Vietnamese immigrants fell in three dimensions: everyday activity, consumption model and life attitude. The study identified four types of information needs for the Vietnamese immigrants: information for survivals, information for the required roles, information for practical purposes, and the information for special needs. There were seven types of information channels among Vietnamese immigrants: interpersonal networks, service agencies, mass media, internet, telephone, accidental information encountering, and other information channels. There were five types of information sources for the Vietnamese immigrant: oral information, print information, audio-visual information, internet information, and personal experience. Information helped them in daily life such as problem solving, learning empowerment, self-help and being helpful for others, homesickness reducing, and social welfare acquiring. Vietnamese immigrants’ information behaviors were characterized by the followings: 1. Depending on the length of their living in Taiwan, the life styles of Vietnamese immigrants changed; 2. Depending on the length of their living in Taiwan, the information needs of Vietnamese immigrants changed; 3. Vietnamese immigrants needed information for survivals, for the required role, for special needs and for practical purposes; 4. The Vietnamese immigrants searched information through diverse channels, and the primary channel is interpersonal networks; 5. The information behaviors of the Vietnamese immigrants were influenced by personal characteristics, information types, problem-types, and time and space; 6. The Vietnamese immigrants preferred oral information; 7. The Vietnamese immigrants needed information with multiple functions; 8. The more Vietnamese immigrants became to know, the more extended their social networks and information behaviors would be. Based on the results above, this study makes a few suggestions to new immigrants service providers: 1. To design services carefully in order to assist new immigrants interact with information resources; 2. To equip them with technology skills to solve life problems; 3. To enhance their information literacy for life.