軍記物語中中國人物故事之受容與變容───以平家物語為中心───

Abstract

本論文探討《平家物語》諸本裡引用的中國人物故事是受到了中國文學怎麼樣的影響，還有受到影響之後有怎樣的改變；以及寫在諸本裡的中國人物故事是以怎樣的方式呈現的。而本論文主要針對《史記》還有《漢書》有記載的人物故事為研究對象，以比較《史記》、《漢書》還有《平家物語》以及歷來相關的文獻的方式進行探討。 本論文挑選了《史記》中堯的女兒娥皇和女英、在穎水邊洗耳朵的許由、漢高祖劉邦、項羽與虞姬、周幽王和褒姒、王昭君出塞等六個中國故事為研究對象進行個別的研究。娥皇與女英的故事主要研究課題是其為何成為禁忌的原因；許由的故事的研究課題是為何平重盛以此故事為例勸說父親不能違背君主的旨意；劉邦的故事則是關於他和治療他的劍傷的醫生對話時提到的「天命說」在諸本中的引用；項羽與虞姬的故事的研究課題則是以四面楚歌的描述為主；對幽王和褒姒的研究以烽火戲諸侯的段落和褒姒出生故事為主；而《漢書》裡看的到的王昭君的故事則是針對她出塞時淒涼悲哀的描寫為研究對象。 針對以上的研究對象和其課題為主進行分析檢討之後，並以其分析之後的結果探討諸本對中國文學的引用的方法和其受影響之後的變化。《平家物語》引用這些中國人物故事的理由只有一個，就是為了比喻；為了形容。只是這些人物故事的原型可能沒有那麼的切合《平家物語》裡的比喻，所以平家作者們才會對這些引用的故事進行一些改寫；而那些我們覺得奇怪的比喻引用，也是因為比喻的地方與該人物故事給讀者們的主要思想不一樣，平家作者看該中國故事的角度與一般人不一樣而導致我們認為的奇怪的引用。

This dissertation examines the influence and changes in appearance of The Records of the Grand Historian, Shǐjì (史記,?~87BC) and The History of the Former Han , Hàn shū(漢書,206BC~23AD)in the Heikemonogatari(平家物語).It also studies how classical Chinese literature gived influence to Heikemonogatari , and after that ,how Heigemonogatari used and changed the influence from classical Chinese literature in the contents. Heikemonogatari contains many quotations from classical Chinese literature to use as metaphors. But that sentences that the writer cited are different from classical Chinese literature. The reason that differences are born between Heikemonogatari and classical Chinese literature are the writer received the influence of classical Chinese literature , but Japanese readers considered classical Chinese literature from a different angle to Chinese readers , or the writer adapted the classical Chinese literature just for adjusting the sentences to the context . This dissertation focuses on the sentences cited from classical Chinese historical materials , and analyzes them to clarify the question. Chapter one examines the sentence about Yao’s(堯,2356-2255BC) daughters , Ehuang(娥皇) and Nuying(女英), expecially at “bamboo(斑竹)”. The central mean that Chinese people comprehended is the deep love between husband and wife, but the writer used the other point from the story to be a metaphor in Heikemonogatari. I studied what kind of mean the writer used as the central mean in the story, and why the writer used the mean as a metaphor in the Heikemonogatari. Chapter two examines the sentence about Emperor Gaozu Liu Bong of Han(漢高祖劉邦,247-195B.C.) and Xiang yu (項羽,206-202B.C.). The sentence of Lui Bang is about his words to a surgeon, and the sentence of Xiang Yu is about his farewell to his wife Consort Yu(虞姬).The writer used the dialogue between Liu Bong and a doctor ,and the separation between Xiang yu and Consort Yu as metaphors in the Heikemonogatari. There are many story about Liu Bong and Xiang yu,but the writer only choosed the two. In this chaper, I showed the reason why the writer choosed the two sentences, and what kind of metaphor the two sebtences be worked in the Heikemonotari. Chapter three examines the sentence about the king You of Zou(周幽王,781-771B.C.) and his concubine Bau si (褒姒), and focuses on “the signal fire (烽火)”. Japenese of the Medieval Period liked the poetry of Bai Juyi (白居易,772~846AD). The poem “The vixen of old mound(古塚狐)” is one of Bai Juyi’s poems, and it refered to the story about Bau si. Bau si is a well-known vixen sprite who deluded the king You of Zou and brought the country to go to ruin. “The signal fire” is a story about the king You’ licentious acts and Bau si’ evildoing, but the writer considered the sentence from a different angle, and used the sentence as a different metaphor in Heikemonogatari. I analyze the question in this chapter. Chapter four examines the sentence about Wang Zhaojun(王昭君,50-?B.C.). It focuses on the unhappy and homesick livelihood in Xiongnu(匈奴,an ancient nationality in China). Wang Zhaojun is a woman who married into The Xiongnu(匈奴), and writed as a miserable bride in classical Chinese literature. The Heikemonogatari’s writer used Wang Zhaojun’s story as a metaphor to describe the man who be exiled to foreign land in the Heikemonogatari, and the writer used different ways to complete the description. I analyze the description in this chapter.