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標題: | 風力發電機齒輪箱之多體動態模擬及可靠度分析 Multi-Body Dynamic Simulation and Reliability Analysis of Wind Turbine Gearbox |
作者: | Chuan-Cheng Chen 陳雋承 |
指導教授: | 吳文方(Wen-Fang Wu) |
關鍵字: | 風力發電機,齒輪箱,動態模擬,應力過載失效,應力-強度干涉法,風機啟動,可靠度, wind turbine,gearbox,dynamic simulation,stress-excess failure,stress-strength interference theory,start-up,reliability, |
出版年 : | 2020 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 風能發電在追求永續經營的現代產電佔有一席之地,台灣豐沛的風力資源也使政府近年越來越重視風力發電的發展。除了直驅式風力發電機,大多數風力發電機都具有齒輪變速箱,而齒輪箱有高失效率、單次維修停機時間長的問題。近年因齒輪箱失效耗費的維修成本位居整體風機系統之冠,因此齒輪箱之可靠度分析有其必要性。本研究使用台灣彰濱地區實際風速資料作為輸入數據,利用文獻提供之風力發電機齒輪箱參數建立多體動態系統模型,針對齒輪扭轉振動進行動態模擬。經換算出齒根所受應力後,以數據擬合法獲得風機啟動時所受應力之機率密度函數,再應用應力-強度干涉法,計算齒輪箱因扭轉振動產生應力過載之失效機率與可靠度。而如考慮台灣每年風力發電機因颱風、例行維修停機後之再啟動次數,可將前述所獲單次的失效機率換算成風力發電機齒輪箱的年失效率。本研究案例分析結果顯示,所探討特定風力發電機每次啟動所造成齒輪箱之系統失效機率為0.0051,可靠度為0.9949,而所換算之年失效率則為0.9773。本研究也探討不同風況啟動對齒輪根部最大應力的影響,發覺在高風速下,當輸入風速逐漸增大至超過風機額定風速後,最大應力並不會一直增長;而在低風速下,風機啟動所造成齒根應力則極小於前述高風速下之應力,且可能低於穩定運行時之應力,幾乎不會造成齒輪應力過載失效。 Wind power is very important in the pursuit of sustainable energy. Taiwan’s abundant wind resources have made the development of wind power more and more important in recent years. In addition to direct-drive wind turbines, most wind turbines are equipped with gearboxes. These gearboxes have high failure rates and need time to restore when out of order. Literatures indicate the maintenance cost of gearboxes ranks the first among components of a turbine system. Therefore, the reliability analysis of gearbox is necessary. The present study constructs a multi-body dynamic model to simulate the torsional vibration of gears in a gearbox of a wind turbine. The vibrational responses of gears owing to random wind result in stresses of gears. For a particular gear, data of stress history at its tooth root are fitted by an appropriate probability density function. The stress-strength interference theory is used to find the failure probability and reliability of the gear in consideration of stress-excess during each start-up period of the wind turbine. The static reliability issue is then extended to a dynamic reliability problem by considering routine numbers of maintenance-shutdown of the turbine and numbers of occurrence of Typhoon. Failure rates of the gears and gearbox are thus estimated. In the numerical case study, wind data of Changhua harbor area of Taiwan and parametric values of a real gearbox are adopted. The result indicates failure probability of the studied gearbox during each start-up of the wind turbine is 0.0051. Its corresponding reliability is 0.9949 and annual failure rate is 0.9773. This study also explores the influence of wind condition on the peak stress of a gear at its root during each start-up of the turbine. It is found that, under high-speed wind, when the input speed gradually increases to exceed the rated wind speed of the turbine, the maximum stress hardly increases. On the other hand, under low-speed wind, the maximum stress during start-up is considerably smaller than that of the aforementioned high-speed wind condition. It may even be lower than that during stable operation, and will not cause stress-excess failure. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/50054 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202002979 |
全文授權: | 有償授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 機械工程學系 |
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