臺灣地區蚜小蜂科分類

Abstract

小蜂總科 (Chalcidoidea) 是膜翅目種類最多的一群，包含22,000 種，近2,000 有效屬名，預估全球種類應具60,000~500,000 種。其中，蚜小蜂(Aphelinidae) 是體形偏小的類群(<1.5mm)，目前約1,224 種，分散在32 屬中。儘管相較跳小蜂科(Encyrtidae) 或釉小蜂科(Eulophdae) 等不算龐大的類群，但蚜小蜂大多種類不乏是現今許多重要農業害蟲的主要寄生蜂，寄生於粉蝨、介殼蟲和蚜蟲等半翅類群。儘管蚜小蜂在維護農業生態系統的穩定具重要性，但現今的分類系統仍然不穩定，例如自從Dalman (1820) 建立第一個蚜小蜂屬(Aphelinus) 以來，整個19 世紀蚜小蜂都沒有少於102 屬，一直到20 世紀中分類學家才積極檢視模式屬標本，並將有效屬名降為32 個。蚜小蜂形態特徵因不易觀察，且製作玻片標本程序費工，失敗率高，故其分類研究進入門檻較高。本論文為了讓往後學者更易於從事相關研究，將臺灣地區蚜小蜂之詳細形態以手繪圖完整呈現，並提供一套簡化、清晰及存放時間佳之玻片標本製作程序。本研究自2008-2016 年，根據採集標本及檢視國內外模式標本，提供了臺灣地區蚜小蜂科完整之種類描述和種類檢索表，確定種類共計10 屬108 種，包含7 新種和25 新紀錄種，其中7新種已在這幾年陸續發表。此研究資料顯示因臺灣地區具獨特之地形及氣候，繁衍出龐大的小蜂多樣性。而寄主蜂、寄主昆蟲和寄主植物的資料也完整呈現，望能提供未來探討此三者關係之基礎。

Chalcidoids are the most diverse group consisting of 22,000 described species in Hymenoptera. It is estimated that their total diversity could be from 60,000 to more than 500,000 species. Among them, the family Aphelinidae are smaller than average size (1.5 mm or less), containing 1,224 species in 32 genera. In spite of their small numbers, aphelinid parasitoids are major biocontrol agents of economically important pest species belonging to the hemipteran groups of coccoids, aphids and aleyrodids. However, the taxonomy of Taiwan aphelinids has not been established and poorly studied. Furthermore, since Dalman (1820) referred one Entedon species to the genus Aphelinus, no fewer than 102 genera were originally described in this family. Only since the middle of the 20th century did scientists begin vigorous attempts to study the types of described genera; this led to a drastic reduction in the number of genera to 32. However, the complex morphological features and complicated slide mounting make aphelinids as an extremely unpleasant and difficult group to study taxonomically. In this study, we provide a convenient, pellucid and permanent mounting method for aphelinids, and use plenty morphological drawings to make taxonomists feel easier to study these tiny insect groups. From 2008-2016, according to the collections and foreign academic exchanges, we provided a reliable key and revised Taiwan aphelinids, which currently include 108 species of 10 genera, including 7 new species and 25 new recorded species. The data shows a great biodiversity of Taiwan aphelinids because of the unique island with varied crops, plants and climate. We believe we can use these data to study the association between parasitoids, host insects and host plants in the future. This revision is just a beginning in that direction.