Skip navigation

DSpace

機構典藏 DSpace 系統致力於保存各式數位資料(如:文字、圖片、PDF)並使其易於取用。

點此認識 DSpace
DSpace logo
English
中文
  • 瀏覽論文
    • 校院系所
    • 出版年
    • 作者
    • 標題
    • 關鍵字
  • 搜尋 TDR
  • 授權 Q&A
  • 幫助
    • 我的頁面
    • 接受 E-mail 通知
    • 編輯個人資料
  1. NTU Theses and Dissertations Repository
  2. 工學院
  3. 環境工程學研究所
請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件: http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/49855
完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位值語言
dc.contributor.advisor林逸彬
dc.contributor.authorFu-Chun Changen
dc.contributor.author張福浚zh_TW
dc.date.accessioned2021-06-15T11:52:48Z-
dc.date.available2021-08-24
dc.date.copyright2016-08-24
dc.date.issued2016
dc.date.submitted2016-08-11
dc.identifier.citationAdler, T. (2004). Lead: Washington’s Water Woes. Environmental Health Perspectives, 112(13), A735.
APHA, AWWA, & WEF. (2012). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 22nd ed.
AWWARF. (1990). Lead Control Strategies. Colorado, Denver.
Bellinger, D., Leviton, A., Sloman, J., Rabinowitz, M., Needleman, H.L., & Waternaux, C. (1991). Low-level lead exposure and children's cognitive function in the preschool years. Pediatrics, 87(2), 219-227.
Benjamin, M. M. (2002). Water Chemistry. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
Bilinski, H., & Schindler, P. (1982). Solubility and equilibrium constants of lead in carbonate solutions (25° C, I= 0.3 mol dm− 3). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 46(6), 921-928.
Britton, A., & Richards, W. N. (1981). Factors influencing plumbsolvency in Scotland. Journal of the Institution of Water Engineers and Scientists, 35, 349-64.
Burlingame, G. A., Schock, M. R., & Edwards, M.A. (2006). Knowing chemistry can help get the lead out. Opflow, 32(9), 24-26.
Cardew, P. T. (2006). Development of a convective diffusion model for lead pipe rigs operating in laminar flow. Water Research, 40(11), 2190-2200.
Cartier, C., Laroche, L., Deshommes, E., Nour, S., Richard, G., Edwards, M., & Prévost, M. (2011). Investigating dissolved lead at the tap using various sampling protocols. Journal-American Water Works Association., 103(3), 55.
Cartier, C., Arnold, R. B., Triantafyllidou, S., Prévost, M., & Edwards, M. (2012). Effect of flow rate and lead/copper pipe sequence on lead release from service lines. Water Research, 46(13), 4142-4152.
City of Flint. (2016). State of emergency declared in the city of Flint. Retrieved from https://www.cityofflint.com/state-of-emergency/
Clark, B., Masters, S., & Edwards, M. (2014). Profile sampling to characterize particulate lead risks in potable water. Environmental Science & Technology, 48(12), 6836-6843.
Clever, H. L., & Johnston, F. J. (1980). The solubility of some sparingly soluble lead salts: an evaluation of the solubility in water and aqueous electrolyte solution. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 9(3), 751-784.
Copeland, L. (2004). Blood and water: The long search for the source of a baby's lead poisoning. Washington Post.
CTWWA (中華民國自來水協會). (2007). 張勝輝, 林淑美, 史午康. 鉛管水質調查研究. 自來水會刊第26卷第2期, 中華民國自來水協會. Retrieved from http://www.ctwwa.org.tw/documents/pdf/QUARTERLY/9605-26-2.pdf
Davidson, C., Peters, N., Britton, A., Brady, L., Gardiner, P., & Lewis, B. (2004). Surface analysis and depth profiling of corrosion products formed in lead pipes used to supply low alkalinity drinking water. Water Science and Technology, 49(2), 49-54.
Deshommes, E., Laroche, L., Nour, S., Cartier, C., & Prévost, M. (2010). Source and occurrence of particulate lead in tap water. Water Research, 44(12), 3734-3744.
Dodrill, D. M., & Edwards, M. (1995). Corrosion control on the basis of utility experience. Journal-American Water Works Association, 87(7), 74-85.
Dryer, D. J., & Korshin, G. V. (2007). Investigation of the reduction of lead dioxide by natural organic matter. Environmental Science & Technology, 41(15):5510.
Dudi, A. (2004). Reconsidering lead corrosion in drinking water: Product testing, direct chloramines attack and galvanic corrosion. M.S. Thesis, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech.
Edwards, M. (2014). Fetal death and reduced birth rates associated with exposure to lead-contaminated drinking water. Environmental Science & Technology, 48(1), 739-746.
Edwards, M. (2016). Del Toral's heroic effort was ultimately vetted in the blood lead of Flint’s children. Flint Water Study Updates. Retrived from http://flintwaterstudy.org/
Edwards, M., & Dudi, A. (2004). Role of chlorine and chloramine in corrosion of lead-bearing plumbing materials. Journal-American Water Works Association, 96(10), 69-81.
Edwards, M., Jacobs, S., & Dodrill, D. (1999). Desktop guidance for mitigating Pb and Cu corrosion by-products. Journal-American Water Works Association, 91(5), 66.
Edwards, M., & McNeill, L. S. (2002). Effect of phosphate inhibitors on lead release from pipes. Journal-American Water Works Association, 94(1), 79-90.
Edwards, M., & Triantafyllidou, S. (2007). Chloride-to-sulfate mass ratio and lead leaching to water. Journal-American Water Works Association, 99(7), 96-109.
EU JRC (European Union Joint Research Centre). (2009). Guidance on Sampling and Monitoring for Lead in Drinking Water. OPOCE Publishing.
Finkelstein, Y., Markowitz, M. E., & Rosen, J. F. (1998). Low-level lead-induced neurotoxicity in children: an update on central nervous system effects. Brain Research Reviews, 27(2), 168-176.
Giani, R., Edwards, M., Chung, C., & Wujek, J. (2004). Use of lead profiles to determine source of action level exceedances from residential homes in Washington. D.C Proc. 2004 AWWA WQTC, San Antonio, Texas.
Greene, L. (1984). Water supply and lead in Eastern England. Effluent & Water Treatment Journal, 24(7), 264-266.
Greg Botelho, Sarah Jorgensen, & Joseph Netto. (2016). Water crisis in Flint, Michigan, draws federal investigation. CNN. Retrived from http://edition.cnn.com/2016/01/05/health/flint-michigan-water-investigation/


Hanna-Attisha, M., LaChance, J., Sadler, R. C., & Champney Schnepp, A. (2016). Elevated blood lead levels in children associated with the Flint drinking water crisis: a spatial analysis of risk and public health response. American Journal of Public Health, 106(2), 283-290.
Hayes, C. R. (2009). Computational modelling to investigate the sampling of lead in drinking water. Water Research, 43(10), 2647-2656.
Hayes, C.R., & Croft, T.N. (2014). Optimisation of plumbosolvency control using computational modelling techniques: a demonstration project for the Government of Alberta, working with the city of Calgary and EPCOR (Edmonton).
Hong Kong. (2015). Report of the Task Force on Investigation of Excessive Lead Content in Drinking Water.
IWA. (2010). Best Practice Guide on the Control of Lead on Drinking Water: IWA Publishing.
IWA. (2012). Internal Corrosion Control of Water Supply Systems: Code of Practice: IWA Publishing.
Jim Lynch. (2016). EPA stayed silent on Flint's tainted water. The Detroit News. Retrieved from http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/politics/2016/01/12/epa-stayed-silent-flints-tainted-water/78719620/
Jiquanda Johnson. (2015). Four takeaways from the Flint Water Advisory Task Force preliminary report, MLive. Retrieved from http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2015/12/five_takeways_for_the_flint_wa.html
Karalekas Jr, P. C., Ryan, C. R., & Taylor, F. B. (1983). Control of lead, copper, and iron pipe corrosion in Boston. Journal-American Water Works Association, 92-95.
Kempic, J. (2012). Lead-free definition under the Safe Drinking Water Act. Office of Water/ USEPA Stakeholder meeting. Retrived from
https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-08/documents/leadfreedefined.pdf
Kim, E. J., & Herrera, J. E. (2010). Characteristics of lead corrosion scales formed during drinking water distribution and their potential influence on the release of lead and other contaminants. Environmental Science & Technology, 44(16), 6054-6061.
Korshin, G. V., Ferguson, J. F., & Lancaster, A. N. (2000). Influence of natural organic matter on the corrosion of leaded brass in potable water. Corrosion Science, 42(1):53.
Korshin, G. V., Ferguson, J. F., & Lancaster, A. N. (2005). Influence of natural organic matter on the morphology of corroding lead surfaces and behavior of lead-containing particles. Water Research, 39(5), 811-818.
Knowles, A. K., Nguyen, C. K., Edwards, M., Stoddart, A., McIlwain, B., & Gagnon, G. A. (2015). Role of iron and aluminum coagulant metal residuals in lead release from service lines. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A.
Lin, Y. P., & Valentine, R. L. (2008a). The release of lead from the reduction of lead oxide (PbO2) by natural organic matter. Environmental Science & Technology, 42(3):760.
Lin, Y. P., & Valentine, R. L. (2009). Reduction of lead oxide (PbO2) and release of Pb(II) in mixtures of natural organic matter, free chlorine and monochloramine. Environmental Science & Technology, 43(10):3872.
Liu, H., Korshin, G. V., & Ferguson, J. F. (2008). Investigation of the kinetics and mechanisms of the oxidation of cerussite and hydrocerussite by chlorine. Environmental Science & Technology, 42(9), 3241-3247.
Lytle, D. A., & Schock, M. R. (2000). Impact of stagnation time on metal dissolution from plumbing materials in drinking water. Journal of Water Supply Research And Technology-Aqua, 49(5), 243-257.
Lytle, D. A., & Schock, M. R. (2005). Formation of Pb (IV) oxides in chlorinated water. Journal-American Water Works Association, 97(11), 102-114.
Marani, D., Macchi, G., & Pagano, M. (1995). Lead precipitation in the presence of sulphate and carbonate: testing of thermodynamic predictions. Water Research, 29(4), 1085-1092.
Noel, J. D., Wang, Y., & Giammar, D. E. (2014). Effect of water chemistry on the dissolution rate of the lead corrosion product hydrocerussite. Water Research, 54(1), 237-246.
Papanikolaou, N. C., Hatzidaki, E. G., Belivanis, S., Tzanakakis, G. N., & Tsatsakis, A. M. (2005). Lead toxicity update. A brief review. Medical Science Monitor, 11(10), RA329-RA336.
Renner, R. (2004). Plumbing the depths of DC's drinking water crisis. Environmental Science & Technology, 38(12), 224A-227A.
Renner, R. (2006). Mis-lead. Environmental Science & Technology, 40(14), 4333.
Sandvig, A., Kwan, P., Kirmeyer, G., Maynard, B., Mast, D., Trussell, R. R., Trussell, S., Cantor, A., & Prescott, A. (2009). Contribution of Service Line and Plumbing Fixtures to Lead and Copper Rule Compliance Issues. Water Environment Research Foundation.
Santos, A. C. D., Colacciopo, S., Dal Bó, C. M., & Santos, N. A. G. D. (1994). Occupational exposure to lead, kidney function tests, and blood pressure. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 26(5), 635-643.
Schock, M. R. (1990). Causes of temporal variability of lead in domestic plumbing systems. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 15(1), 59-82.
Schock, M. R., Wagner, I., & Oliphant, R.J. (1996). The corrosion and solubility of lead in drinking water. Internal Corrosion of Water Distribution Systems, 4, 131-230.
Schock, M. R. (1999). Internal corrosion and deposition control. In Water Quality and Treatment. Denver, Colo.: AWWA.
Schock, M. R., Hyland, R. N., & Welch, M. M. (2008). Occurrence of contaminant accumulation in lead pipe scales from domestic drinking-water distribution systems. Environmental Science & Technology, 42(12), 4285-4291.
Taiwan EPA. (2008). 飲用水水質標準第三條修正總說明. Retrieved from http://ivy5.epa.gov.tw/docfile/090040z970102.pdf
Taiwan EPA. (2014). 飲用水水質標準.
Retrieved from http://ivy5.epa.gov.tw/docfile/090040.pdf
Taiwan EPA. (2015). 飲用水水質採樣方法─自來水系統 (NIEA W101.55A). Retrieved from http://www.niea.gov.tw/niea/pdf/WATER/W10155A.pdf
Tiemann, M. (2004). Lead in Drinking Water: Washington, DC Issues and Broader Regulatory Implications. Congressional Information Service, Library of Congress.
Tracy Connor. (2016). Parents of 'Tragic' 2-year-old with lead poisoning sue Flint, NBC News. Retrived from http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/flint-water-crisis/parents-tragic-2-year-old-lead-poisoning-sue-flint-n513861
Triantafyllidou, S., & Edwards, M. (2012). Lead (Pb) in tap water and in blood: implications for lead exposure in the United States. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science & Technology, 42(13), 1297-1352.
Triantafyllidou, S., Schock, M.R., DeSantis, M.K., & White, C. (2015). Low contribution of PbO2-coated lead service lines to water lead contamination at the tap. Environmental Science & Technology, 49(6), 3746-3754.
TWD. (2015). 台北自來水鉛管問題說明懶人包. Retrieved from http://www.water.gov.taipei/ct.asp?xItem=127272284&CtNode=85025&mp=114001
UK Government. (1989). The Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations 1989. Statutory Instrument 1989, No. 1147, HMSO.
US EPA. (1987). Prohibition on use of lead pipes, solder and flux. Federal Register, 52, 20674.
US EPA. (1991). Maximum contamination level goals and national primary drinking water regulations for lead and copper. Final Rule. Fed. Regist. 56(110), 26460-26564.
US EPA. (1993). Lead and your drinking water: Actions you can take to reduce lead in drinking water. EPA 810-F-93-001.
van den Hoven, T., & Slaats, N. (2006). Lead Monitoring. Analytical Methods for Drinking Water, Advances in Sampling and Analysis (P. Quevaullier and KC Thompson, editors): Wiley & Sons, Oxford, UK.
Van Der Leer, D., Weatherill, N. P., Sharp, R. J., & Hayes, C. R. (2002). Modelling the diffusion of lead into drinking water. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 26(6), 681-699.
Vasquez, F. A., Heaviside, R., Tang, Z. J., & Taylor, J. S. (2006). Effect of free chlorine and chloramines on lead release in a distribution system. Journal-American Water Works Association, 98(2), 144-154.
Wang, Y., Xie, Y., & Giammar, D. E. (2012). Lead (IV) oxide formation and stability in drinking water distribution systems. Water Research Foundation, #4211.
Weizsaecker, K. (2003). Lead toxicity during pregnancy. Primary Care Update for OB/GYNS, 10(6), 304-309.
WHO. (2011). Water Sanitation and Health: Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, 4th ed.
Woszczynski, M., Bergese, J., & Gagnon, G. A. (2013). Comparison of chlorine and chloramines on lead release from copper pipe rigs. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 139(8), 1099-1107.
Yamauchi, M., Hirono, T., Kodama, S., & Mastuo, M. (1996). The evaluation of new fluoropolymer emulsion for exterior paint use. Surface Coatings International, 79(7), 312-318.
Zhang, Y., & Lin, Y. P. (2011). Determination of PbO2 formation kinetics from the chlorination of Pb (II) carbonate solids via direct PbO2 measurement. Environmental Science & Technology, 45(6), 2338-2344.
Zietz, B. P., Lass, J., Dunkelberg, H., & Suchenwirth, R. (2009). Lead pollution of drinking water in lower Saxony from corrosion of pipe materials. Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband der Arzte des Offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (Germany)), 71(5), 265-274.
dc.identifier.urihttp://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/49855-
dc.description.abstract世界各國在1980年代開始禁止使用鉛管,臺灣則於1979年禁止使用鉛管作為配水管。近年來各國進行配水系統大範圍採樣調查,發現自來水鉛污染的問題普遍存在,也讓長期被忽視的自來水中鉛污染問題逐漸受到重視。但汰換早期鋪設的鉛管費用極高,且有處理住戶家用鉛管的隱私問題,包含臺灣內,許多國家的配水系統中仍普遍存在鉛管。現今認證的無鉛管材之鉛含量並不為零,各種非鉛管的管材仍然含有微量鉛成分。此研究調查臺灣大學校園內29座館舍自來水中鉛的濃度及溶解態與固態鉛的組成,藉以瞭解探討自來水中各項水質參數和鉛濃度的關係及不同採樣方法所測得鉛濃度的差異,並分析截留於水龍頭濾網上顆粒含鉛狀況以了解校園內自來水鉛污染的情形。zh_TW
dc.description.abstractLead pipe has been banned for its use in water supply by most countries in the 1980s. In Taiwan, lead pipe was banned in 1979. Recent surveys conducted in different countries revealed that lead contamination in tap water could be a widespread problem and aroused public concerns on this issue. Due to the enormous cost and difficulties in complete replacement, historically installed lead pipes are still in service in many countries, including Taiwan. Moreover, the so-called “lead free” plumbing materials can still contain lead according to current definition (Kempic, 2012). In this study, a sampling campaign was conducted for 29 buildings on the National Taiwan University campus between 2015/07/25 and 2016/05/01. Total lead, soluble lead and various water quality parameters were measured in order to understand the extent of lead contamination in these buildings and to determine the relationship between each water parameter and lead concentration. Lead profiles determined using different sampling methods were compared and particulates collected from the faucet aerators were characterized to provide a comprehensive understanding of the contamination.en
dc.description.provenanceMade available in DSpace on 2021-06-15T11:52:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
ntu-105-R03541128-1.pdf: 1961317 bytes, checksum: 728c334827b8515931fad54b2e356984 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2016
en
dc.description.tableofcontentsContent
誌謝 I
摘要 II
Abstract III
Content IV
Figures VI
Tables VII
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Research hypothesis 2
1.3 Research objectives 3
Chapter 2 Literature review 4
2.1 Toxicity, standard and occurrence of lead in drinking water 4
2.2 Sampling methods for lead 6
2.3 Influences of water parameters on lead release 8
Chapter 3 Materials and Methods 12
3.1 Sampling plan 12
3.2 Analytical methods 16
Chapter 4 Results and Discussions 17
4.1 Lead concentration in tap water collected from 29 buildings on the NTU campus 17
4.2 Water quality parameters and lead concentration 21
4.3 Comparisons among different sampling methods 25
4.4 Characterizations of particulates collected from faucet aerators 28
Chapter 5 Conclusions and Recommendations 32
5.1 Conclusions 32
5.2 Recommendations for future study 34
Reference List 35
dc.language.isoen
dc.title國立臺灣大學館舍自來水含鉛濃度調查zh_TW
dc.titleA Survey of Lead Concentration in Tap Water on National Taiwan University Campusen
dc.typeThesis
dc.date.schoolyear104-2
dc.description.degree碩士
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee李公哲,葛宇甯,童心欣
dc.subject.keyword鉛,自來水,水質參數,採樣方法,水龍頭濾網,zh_TW
dc.subject.keywordLead,tap water,water quality parameters,sampling method,faucet aerator,en
dc.relation.page42
dc.identifier.doi10.6342/NTU201602237
dc.rights.note有償授權
dc.date.accepted2016-08-11
dc.contributor.author-college工學院zh_TW
dc.contributor.author-dept環境工程學研究所zh_TW
顯示於系所單位:環境工程學研究所

文件中的檔案:
檔案 大小格式 
ntu-105-1.pdf
  目前未授權公開取用
1.92 MBAdobe PDF
顯示文件簡單紀錄


系統中的文件,除了特別指名其著作權條款之外,均受到著作權保護,並且保留所有的權利。

社群連結
聯絡資訊
10617臺北市大安區羅斯福路四段1號
No.1 Sec.4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. 106
Tel: (02)33662353
Email: ntuetds@ntu.edu.tw
意見箱
相關連結
館藏目錄
國內圖書館整合查詢 MetaCat
臺大學術典藏 NTU Scholars
臺大圖書館數位典藏館
本站聲明
© NTU Library All Rights Reserved