著果對一年二收巨峰葡萄之根系生長影響

Abstract

根系生長週期與活力在果樹的管理上有重要意義，如影響施肥時間及植體碳水化合物與養分的供給運移。台灣地處亞熱帶，終年溫暖，因此在葡萄栽培上發展出有別於溫帶地區的一年二收栽培模式，惟調整果實負載量仍為栽培管理上之要點，但在台灣一年二收的栽培模式下，果實負載對葡萄根系生長之影響，尚未有深入探討，因此本試驗之目的為探討果實對一年二收’巨峰’葡萄(Vitis vinifera L. x V.labrusca Bailey ‘Kyoho’)根系生長是否影響。本試驗以9年生巨峰葡萄自根植株為材料，盆植於聚丙烯圓形塑膠盆，盆側方開設壓克力根窗，葡萄採雙蔓整枝方式種植，以著果與否作為試驗處理，調查新生根生長與發育。 夏果栽培週期中，著果之植株新根主要生長時期發生於開花至果實轉色期之間，而未著果之植株新根主要生長時期則發生於栽培週期後期(對應著果植株之轉色期至採收期間)，新生根維持白色比率、根系存活率及總新根生長指數不受著果影響。冬果栽培週期中，不論著果與否新根生長高峰發生於開花至果實轉色期之間，但新生根維持白色比率、根系存活率及總新根生長指數表現上亦不受著果影響。冬果栽培週期有效根系指數/新根生長指數之比值顯著高於夏果栽培週期，夏果栽培週期新根壽命較冬果栽培週期短。本論文結果顯示，夏果與冬果生產週期根系之生長表現不同，全年之根系生長高峰則出現於夏季。

Timing for root growth and root activity is important for orchard management, affecting timing of fertilization application and uptake as well as allocation of carbohydrate and nutrient in plants. Taiwan is located on subtropical region with year round warm climate, allowing a double cropping system that is distinctive from the normal system in the temperate region. Neverthless, fruit load is an important key for the double cropping system. However, root growth and activity in double cropping system has yet to be fully documented. The objective of this theiss was to assess fruiting effect on root growth of ‘Kyoho’ grape. In this study, 9-year-old self-rooted ‘Kyoho’ grapevines were planted in polypropylene containers with root observation windows. Vines were trained to a double-shoot canopy structure. Fruiting or not be treatments and investigating new root growth and development. In the summer cropping cycle, new roots growth in fruiting vines mainly occurred from bloom to verasion, and those in non- fruiting vine delayed until period from verasion to fruit harvest correlating to the phenology of fruit vines. New root remaining white, root survival, or total new roots growth index were not affected by fruiting.In the winter cropping cycle, a peak of new roots growth occurred from bloom to verasion regardless of fruiting. New root remaining white, root survival, or total new roots growth index were also not affected by fruiting. Effective root index / new root growth index and root lifespan were significantly greater in the winter croppying cycle than in the summer cropping. In conclusion, in the double cropping system, root growth patterns were different between summer and winter cropping cycle. Overall, a major root growth peak occurred the summer.