石斑魚除鱗機具研發

Abstract

在全世界，石斑魚被視為具有高經濟價值的養殖漁業產品，根據聯合國糧食及農業組織 (FAO)於2014年所發行的年報，全球養殖石斑魚在2013年時產量為13.7萬公噸，產值高達199億臺幣，並逐年成長中。臺灣在國際上享有「石斑魚養殖王國」的美名，是因為臺灣相較其他國家有更進步的養殖技術，且臺灣所在的位置也使得石斑魚有更佳的量產季節優勢。隨著其他國家的養殖技術越來越進步，臺灣若要站穩住其「石斑魚養殖王國」的盛譽，應該要往石斑魚加工、市場行銷的方向努力。因此，近年來國內的石斑魚業者開發了冷凍真空三清石斑魚，降低了流通的成本，提供了食品的安全性，並使石斑魚的價格及品質不再因為季節的不同而良莠不齊。但以目前的冷凍真空三清石斑魚業者仍無法大量量產，其中一個原因是因為在進行於體的三清步驟時，仍仰賴人力來進行，若能將此步驟改由機器來自動化進行，將大量減少人力成本並增加效率。因此，本研究擬開發一套由四個噴嘴搭配魚體運輸機構的除鱗方法，魚體將由上方輸送至下方，並在輸送的過程中魚體兩側分別經過兩個噴嘴噴射壓力水柱以除鱗，本研究將上述除鱗方法設計成一個可調整式的石斑魚除鱗機具用於可行性的驗證。結果顯示以此機具可成功製作出來並實際輸送魚體，且具有可調性使噴嘴調整至最佳的噴射位置，於此試驗機具的除鱗率平均高於75%。若可提供除鱗成效，未來可利用此試驗機具，作為後續開發石斑魚自動除鱗機具時的參考雛形。未來若能以此雛形試驗機具成功開發石斑魚自動除鱗機具，可以使冷凍真空三清石斑魚的產量加以提高，使臺灣的石斑魚產業更具國際競爭力。

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the global outputs of farming grouper in 2013 reached 137 thousand ton valued at 19.9 billion NTD, and grow annually. The number shows that grouper are highly remunerative and significant farm fishes in the world. Taiwan, which was called the kingdom of grouper farming, although having greater grouper farming technique and better farming seasons, the improvement of grouper processing and marketing can be developed to having more advantages to compete other countries. Currently, the frozen grouper product is one of the progress in grouper farming industry. The product provided lower transportation cost and higher food safety. Also, the higher storability improved the problem that the provided grouper varying quality and price with season variation. Therefore, the study developed a method for grouper scaling during the procedure of frozen grouper products manufacture. The grouper conveyed form top to bottom and was descaled by impacted four water jets, two for each side. An adjustable prototype machine was designed to prove feasibility of the method. Nozzles position setting from manufactured machine was adjustable. The scaling rate was higher than 75%. By proper designed of both grouper transmission device and grouper scaling equipment, the designed machine is low cost, high efficiency and simple operation to do the grouper scaling completely. Thereby, the manufacturing procedure of frozen grouper product can be improved. Also, the grouper farming industry in Taiwan can have a greater breakthrough.