安住之道：《裸體午餐》中的精神病、藥物與幽默

Abstract

本論文的研究對象是裸體午餐中的病態幽默。幽默與病態喜劇是作者威廉布洛斯奪回掌控權的關鍵。布洛斯一生與精神病纏鬥，更是在「意外」殺死妻子之後出現妄想症狀。他透過各種除魔儀式企圖重新掌權，包括透過吸食毒品釋放壓力，並以藉由敘述毒品幻覺表現精神病狀態。這些除魔儀式在裸體午餐之中集其大成，也因此風格與先前兩部作品截然不同。其中，布洛斯在幽默橋段中佔據無恥反英雄的位置，優游於無法無天的境界。而在這無法無天的背後，又潛藏了布洛斯對於大他者的大他者的信仰，引領他走向魔法與通靈的道路。布洛斯藉由神祕主義論述的權力關係，與社會產生聯繫，也因此得以在陽光之下找到安住之道。

The focus of my thesis is the pathological comic element in Naked Lunch. By studying the comic elements in Naked Lunch, I have come to the conclusion that humor and pathological comedy is a means for Burroughs to assume control. Control is needed because Burroughs’ psychic structure is psychotic, and is subject to impulses from within and from without. Delusional ideas expressed after Burroughs “accidentally” killed his wife Joan points to a psychotic trigger, and my focus turns towards how Burroughs managed to coexist with these tensions. In Burroughs’ work, I’ve discovered how Burroughs fashioned various means to repossess himself, to assume control. These artificial means culminate in Naked Lunch, which is radically different, stylistically speaking, from his previous two novels, Junky and Queer. These specific means include the use of drugs as a tension regulatory system, as well as the appropriation of junky-linguo to express his psychotic experience. Furthermore, in his routines, he adopted the position of the shameless antihero, which enabled him to speak without producing an enunciated subject, to speak without having to surrender to Law. This rebellion towards the Law points to his belief in an Other of the Other, which led him down the road to magic and telepathy. As a consequence, he speaks the occultist’s discourse. This discourse indicates a social bond with society, and he is able to secure a place for himself under the sun.