都市自行車路徑評估與規劃之研究

Abstract

永續發展、節能減碳為全球共同努力的目標，各國均以發展綠色運具為主要因應策略。自行車為綠色運具兼具健康與環保概念，有節約能源、無汙染、使用成本低、機動性高等特性，先進國家大多倡導並採取鼓勵自行車之使用，故國內開始積極推廣並規劃設計多條自行車道，吸引並帶動自行車之使用。 國內主要發展之自行車道型態，多以休閒遊憩型態自行車道建設優先，都市通勤型自行車道僅零星散佈於市區街廓，缺乏有系統的自行車道路網，以提供自行車騎乘者更加多元的使用功能。設置自行車道應是全面性的，完善且安全的自行車道路網才能引發需求、發揮效果，因此若要成功推動自行車政策，建設都市通勤型自行車道有其必要性，故本研究期望建構都市自行車路徑之規劃模式，提供未來建置都市自行車道之參考。 國內目前之自行車道規劃研究，結論多屬於文字描述建議，而無利用空間分析方法求解，並透過空間展示讓使用者易於了解。故本研究將以地理資訊系統進行空間資料的建立、存取、管理、分析，建構都市自行車路徑之規劃模式，展示結果提供相關使用者作為參考。 本研究參考國內、外自行車道規劃與研究提出之相關指標，選擇以道路交通量、外側車道寬度、人行空間有效寬度、道路速限、鋪面品質及路側干擾程度六個評估項目，建立自行車道適合性指標，並以地理資訊系統進行評估模式之建構。本研究根據專家問卷，以模糊層級分析法計算指標權重，另透過專家問卷調查求取各指標之分級門檻值，並據以進行調查評分。 透過地理資訊系統建構之評估模式進行運算調查結果，求得各路段之綜合評估值，並展示各項評估項目分析圖及自行車地圖。藉由各路段之綜合評估值，以最短路徑演算法進行自行車各活動節點最適路徑規劃，並選擇自行車最適路徑，作為未來優先建置之參考，另外亦可透過模式檢討評估值較低之路段，進行交通工程與管理層面之建議與改善。

In order to reach the goals of sustainable development and reducing the CO2 emission, the development of green transportation had been a most popular strategy all around the world.Bicycle is one of the green transportation with the characteristics of healthy, environmentally friendly, energy efficient, pollution-free, low cost and high mobility. For this reason, authorities began to plan and promote bikeways actively, to attract the use of bicycles.In Taiwan, the present bicycle network is mainly constructed along with the recreational spots. The commuter-type bikeway only spread sporadic, and there is lack of a systemic network of the commuter-type bikeway to provide diverse functions. It is important to install the bicycle network comprehensively. A complete and safe bicycle network can raise the usage and lead to a successful strategy, and most important, a commuter-type bicycle network in necessary. This study established an urban bicycle route planning model to provide a recommendation of constructing a urban bikeway in the future. According to the researches of the planning of bikeway in Taiwan, the conclusions are mostly described in words, and there is no any research deal with two-dimensional problem and demonstrate the result in two-dimensional. This study performed the two-dimensional data by Geographic Information System (GIS), which is available to create, access, management and analysis the data for the planning steps.This research attempted to establish a bicycle suitability index and six major assessment criteria are considered according to the previous researches, including the traffic volume, outer-lane width, effective width of the pedestrian space, speed limit, pavement quality and disturbance from road side. The interviewing expert and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process were used to derive the weight of each criterion, and the rating process was established according to the weight and the survey result. The comprehensive assessment result was performed in the bicycle map by GIS, and according to the assessment result, the shortest path route algorithm was used to link each bicycle activity nodes in the optimal situation, and this model is also capable to realize the section with low assessment values, and provide the recommendation in traffic engineering and management aspects.