療養院綠美化對病人之生心理效益研究

Abstract

過往許多研究已經證實人們喜歡自然環境勝過於都市環境，也其他研究也證實自然環境或窗景外的自然景色，可以降低人的壓力，並且使人感到舒適。這些影響可以應用在各種工作地點，如：醫院、監獄、住宅區等等。本研究之目的想要了解病院綠美化對病人的注意力恢復力、心情狀況以及生理效果的影響。本研究應用認知的科學的方式來探討植物影響心理效益之機制，並希望拉長了解病患在綠美化生活環境下，接觸植栽不同時間之影響效果。並分為病院室內綠化和戶外庭園美化兩種實驗處理，探討不同綠美化方式對生心理指標之影響。除了一般常用的心理認知感受問卷外，實驗中亦嘗試與院方配合，納入實驗期間病人病歷資料，來了解病院綠美化對病人生理效益之影響。實驗地點位於台北縣八里療養院之護理之家，其病人有部分自由時間可於院內活動。本實驗會於實驗開始第一個禮拜進行前測問卷的收集。室內綠化完成後，以三個禮拜每個禮拜一次的方式，來收集室內綠化處理之問卷。戶外綠化處理之前會先移除室內綠化的植栽後，對基地目前戶外的庭園進行整理及美化，並也以三個禮拜每個禮拜一次的方式，來收集戶外綠化處理之問卷。問卷內容以注意力恢復、情緒ZIPERS量表以及滿意度來了解病人心理感知的改變。另外納入病人血壓、脈搏以及用藥等做為生理資料。實驗結果發現在注意力恢復力方面，綠化後之注意力恢復力皆顯著高於前測，但綠化期間彼此之間則沒有顯著差異，表示綠化對注意力恢復力之增加在一週內即可產生效果。在情緒ZIPERS量表方面，研究結果發現綠化開始的第二週開始，情量量表的分數與前測達顯著差異，表示綠化對正向的情緒之影響力約在一個禮拜之後才開始出現。在生理方面指標方面，各生理指標皆沒有明顯的差異。本研究之研究結果發現療養院室內外綠美化對注意力恢復力及情緒均有顯著之效益，且在實驗中嘗試以數個時間點測量的方式進行各項數值之測量，可提供未來自然景觀效益劑量之研究作為參考。

The studies in the field of human-environment interaction have long been interested in, especially in the effect of nature and plants on human well-being, such as environmental psychology, horticulture activities and outdoor recreation. A lot of researches already show that most people prefer natural environment than urban city, and it is proved that nature landscape or the window view of nature can reduce stress and make people feel more relaxed. The benefits of nature elements can be applied to any kind of space such as hospitals, prisons, or residential settings. The purpose of this study is to understand how the greening environments affect the patients in their psycho-physiological benefits at Bali Psychiatric Center in Taiwan. In this study, greening time is also considered as a factor. There are two main parts in this study: Indoor greening and outdoor greening. In the first part, we decorate the public space in the ward building with plants. In the second part, we green the outside garden next to the ward building. Each part persists 3 weeks after the pretest. The patients are asked to fill the same questionnaire one time per week in the whole experiment process. This questionnaire includes the ZIPERS metal effects, PRS and satisfaction, and we also collect our patients’ anamnesis as physical index. The result shows that greening environment has higher attention restoration than in pretest, but there are no significant differences in the experiment process, which means that the effect of greening on attention restoration can reveal within a week. It is also found that the positive effect of greening on patients’ mood state reveal in the second week after the greening. No significant effect was found in the physical indexes. According to the results, both indoor and outdoor greening have significant effect on the patients’ attention restoration and their mood states, and greening time is found as a factor which will affect the perceived benefits of the patients. The result can contribute to studies about the nature landscape doses and other related studies in this field.