男性更年期社會心理因素探討

Abstract

目標：了解目前台灣中老年男性對於男性更年期之態度、認知與不適現象，並探討男性更年期不適之相關因素。方法：橫斷式設計，採立意取樣，研究工具為研究者設計之結構式問卷，問卷發放時間為民國99年3月至8月，研究對象為大台北地區40歲至85歲男性，總發放問卷為880份，回收有效問卷506份，回收率為57.5%。結果：79.4%的受訪者認為男性有更年期，70.0%的受訪者認為男性更年期是人生老化自然必經的過程，76.9%的受訪者認為男性更年期會影響健康，67.0%的受訪者男性更年期資訊來自大眾傳播媒體（報章雜誌、電視新聞、網路），28.5%的受訪者男性更年期資訊來自醫護人員或親友，19.2%的受訪者不知道從何獲得男性更年期資訊。男性更年期不適線性複迴歸分析，子女數、目前有使用藥物、恐懼男性更年期、個性樂觀、一周運動2次以上之迴歸係數分別為0.3846、0.8899、2.3039、-0.9983和-0.7140，且達統計顯著水準（p<0.05）。自覺正經歷男性更年期者和自覺已度過男性更年期者平均年齡為52.6歲和65.6歲。結論：認為有男性更年期的比率較10年前大幅上升，男性對男性更年期有更多了解，更能表現自己的感覺。但相較女性，男性對於自身的更年期經驗仍較無體認或不敢表達，男性應該正視男性更年期身心和社會的變化，而有相關的因應措施。由自覺男性更年期經驗可推論男性更年期約發生於53歲至66歲。如果接受男性更年期為人生老化自然必經的過程，對男性更年期的恐懼較會減少。會恐懼男性更年期者較擔心男性更年期會影響他們的生活，但較相信相關因應方法能改善男性更年期。子女數多和目前有使用藥物的男性要特別注意男性更年期不適現象，如想減少男性更年期不適現象影響，應保持樂觀的心情和良好的運動習慣，同時應多提供男性更年期的相關資訊以減少男性對於男性更年期的恐懼。

Objective: The study was to understand the attitude, awareness and discomfort of male climacteric among the middle-aged males in Taiwan and to explore the relevant factor of the discomfort in male climacteric. Methods: The cross-sectional data was collected with purposive sampling and structured questionnaire from March 2010 to August 2010. A total of 880 questionnaires were distributed among males aged between 40 and 85 years, and 506 valid questionnaires were completed with a response rate of 57.5%. Results: 79.4% of respondents believed that male climacteric was existed. 70.0% of respondents believed that male climacteric was a natural aging process. 70.0% of respondents considered that male climacteric would affect their health. 67.0% of respondents reported that mass media (newspaper, magazines, television programs and Internet) was the source of information for male climacteric, and 28.5% of respondents reported that health care workers, relatives or friends were the source of information for male climacteric.19.2 of respondents reported that they didn’t know how to get the information of male climacteric. In the multiple linear regression analyses, the numer of children (β=0.3846), taking medicine (β=1.957), fearing of male climacteric (β=2.3039), optimistic personality (β=-0.9983) and exercising more than twice a week (β=-0.7140) were statistically significant (p<0.05). The average age of males who were in male climacteric and males who were over male climacteric were 52.6 and 65.6 years. Conclusions: The proportion of Taiwanese males who believed that male climacteric was existed increased in 10 years. Males in Taiwan knew more about male climacteric and were braver in expressing themselves. However, males were still more insensitive and more afraid of revealing their feeling than females. Males should face physical, mental and social changes in male climacteric, and cope with these changes. The inference is that the age of male climacteric is 53 to 65 years. Believing that male climacteric was a natural aging process can reduce the fear of male climacteric. Males who were afraid of male climacteric worried that male climacteric would affect their life and more believe that male climacteric can be improved by coping strategies. Males who have more children or males who were taking medicine should be careful with the discomfort of male climacteric. Keeping optimistic and exercising regularly can reduce the discomfort of male climacteric. Males need more information about male climacteric to reduce the fear of male climacteric.