3D GIS在都市建築之應用－以太陽光電模板最佳架設位置為例

Abstract

在全球氣候變遷、自然災害頻傳的今日，積極開發再生能源，減少使用破壞地球的非再生能源為全球的共同趨勢。太陽能具有不受國家地區限制以及無污染的優點，此外，太陽能發電擁有在夏季為發電尖峰的特性，恰巧成為緩解都市夏季電力緊繃的最佳選擇。然而，目前都市建築物大多將太陽光電模板設置於建築物屋頂上，此裝置面積通常至多僅能供應一層樓的用電，無法供應整棟大樓的用電量。如能善加利用都市建築物之表面進行太陽能發電，一方面減少非再生能源的消耗，一方面成為能源提供者，定能為地球的永續發展盡份心力。因此，為了增加發電量，本研究考慮建築物外牆廣大的面積，結合太陽輻射計算模式及陰影演算模式，以中央氣象局近十年之太陽輻射資料，試圖分析台北市中正區建築物外牆最適合架設太陽光電模板的方位、高度、面積及其輻射能量。以範例建物作為研究結果之展現，研究結果顯示，建築物接收的輻射量確實會因受陰影遮蔽而有所減少，而建築立面上接收之總輻射量高於屋頂之水平面。

Global climate changes and natural disasters have happened frequently around the world. It has become a consensus that we should actively develop renewable energy resources and reduce the use of non-renewable energy resources of the Earth. Solar energy has no pollution and does not restrict to regions. Besides, power generated by solar energy reaches the peak in summer which becomes the best solution to ease off the high demand on electricity in summer. However at present, most photovoltaic solar panels are installed on the roofs. The power so generated can only meet one-floor’s electricity demand. Therefore, in order to increase the efficiency of the power generation, the present work took into account the exterior surfaces of buildings, and tried to find the optimum installation position of photovoltaic solar panels for buildings. In this study, we used the solar radiation data of the last decade from the Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan to construct a solar radiation calculation model and a shadow algorithm for the Zhongzheng District in Taipei city, Taiwan. The optimum orientation and height for installing photovoltaic solar panels were calculated. The research results which took a sample building for an example showed that the radiation received by vertical surfaces was reduced because of shadow effect. Besides, the total radiation received by vertical surfaces is more than that received by horizontal surface. The corresponding installation area and irradiation were also computed to provide a reference for the public and the government.