臺灣防制人口販運政策之研究

Abstract

人口販運是現代版的奴役，嚴重戕害人權的犯行，不見容於任何國家、社會。當高雄捷運泰勞抗暴事件發生時，各大媒體都大幅加以報導，但事件一落幕後，政策又回到原點，為何政策僅是小幅變遷，未提升至總體政治層面，擬探究其原因。 本研究先應用斷續均衡理論，描述政策過程的變遷，找出政策發生過程的「斷續」與「均衡」變化，界定政策發展的3個階段－萌芽期、生長期、成熟期；進而透過文獻分析、深度訪談及參與觀察法，分析網絡中眾多的參與者在不同的政策發展階段，如何利用自身的稟賦進行資源交換或權力分享，以滿足需求、達成目標。 從實證中與理論的驗證中發現，政策網絡理論及斷續均衡理論對臺灣防制人口販運政策具有高度解釋力；從實證中的政策網絡，對照政策網絡理論中Rhodes的類型網絡，發現臺灣的人口販運防制政策網絡未將生產者網絡納入，致使勞力剝削的防制成效未如預期，如欲提升防制成效，宜提高對生產者網絡的治理能力。此外，對於「人口販運」的定義，還存在著許多不確定的概念，有待進一步明確化、精緻化，釐清性剝削與妨害風化，以及勞資爭議與勞力剝削之間明確的界限，才不因有違國民情感，而使防制人口販運工作變成雷聲大雨點小。

Human trafficking is a modern-day slavery that seriously infringes on human rights and is intolerable. The 2005 Thai workers’ riot at the Kaohsiung MRT construction project drew so much media attention and brought out many polict debates when it broke out. However, after the incident, government policies changed only minor. It is worth investigating why this did not escalate to the macro political level. This thesis intends applies the punctuated equilibrium model to depict changes in the Taiwan trafficking policy process, isolating the punctuation and equilibrium variations in the process of change, and define three stages of policy development―the initial, growth and maturity. Through literature review, in-depth interviews, and data mining, this stufy analyzes how network participants use their talents to exchange resources or delegate authority to satisfy their needs and round their policy goals. Empirical and theoretical research results deriving from policy network theory and punctuated equilibrium theory indicate that both theories have a high degree of interpretive potency for Taiwan policies in preventing trafficking in persons. Comparing the empirical policy network with the theoretical Rhodes type of network, this study identifies that anti-human trafficking policies in Taiwan have not factored in the supplier network, leading to the policy efficacy at controlling labor exploitation falling short of expectations. Regulation of the supplier network would be boosted if this efficacy is to be enhanced. Meanwhile, the definition for human-trafficking is unclear and needs to be further clarified and elaborated as to clearly demarcate the line between sexual exploitation and obscenity, as well as between labor-employer disputes and labor exploitation. When these distinctions could be justified and do not violate the citizenry sentiment the effort preventing human trafficking in Taiwan would become really effectively.