請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件:
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/47865
完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 高純琇 | |
dc.contributor.author | Pin-Zi Chen | en |
dc.contributor.author | 陳品孜 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-15T06:23:16Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2013-09-13 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2010-09-13 | |
dc.date.issued | 2010 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2010-08-09 | |
dc.identifier.citation | 1. WHO-Diabetes Programme. (Accessed 05, 2010, at http://www.who.int/diabetes/facts/en/.)
2. 行政院衛生署 統計公布欄. (Accessed 05, 2010, at http://www.doh.gov.tw/CHT2006/DM/DM2_2.aspx?class_no=440&level_no=1.) 3. Koda-Kimble MA, Young LY, Kradjan WA, Guglielmo BJ, Alldredge BK, Corelli RL. Diabetes Mellitus. In: Applied Therapeutics: the clinical use of drugs. 9th ed: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008. 4. American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Statistics. (Accessed 05, 2010, at http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/diabetes-statistics/.) 5. Triplitt CL, Reasner CA, and Isley WL. Diabetes Mellitus. In: Dipiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, Matzke GR, Well BG, and Posey LM, eds. Pharmacotherapy: a pathophysiologic approach. 7th ed. New York: MaGraw-Hill; 2008. 6. Feinglos MN, Bethel MA. Therapy of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular death, and the UGDP. Am Heart J 1999;138:S346-52. 7. Smits P, Thien T. Cardiovascular effects of sulphonylurea derivatives. Implications for the treatment of NIDDM? Diabetologia 1995;38:116-21. 8. Meier JJ, Gallwitz B, Schmidt WE, Mugge A, Nauck MA. Is impairment of ischaemic preconditioning by sulfonylurea drugs clinically important? Heart 2004;90:9-12. 9. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet 1998;352:837-53. 10. Nathan DM, Buse JB, Davidson MB, et al. Medical management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy: a consensus statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2009;32:193-203. 11. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2010;33 Suppl 1:S62-9. 12. Bennett P, Rewers M, Knowler W. Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus In: Porte DJ, Sherwin RS, eds, eds. Ellenberg & Rifkin's Diabetes Mellitus 5th ed: Stamford, CT: Appleton & Lange; 1997:373-400 13. Daneman D. Type 1 diabetes. Lancet 2006;367:847-58. 14. Gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2004;27 Suppl 1:S88-90. 15. Haffner SM, Lehto S, Ronnemaa T, Pyorala K, Laakso M. Mortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes and in nondiabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1998;339:229-34. 16. Yamagishi S, Imaizumi T. Diabetic vascular complications: pathophysiology, biochemical basis and potential therapeutic strategy. Curr Pharm Des 2005;11:2279-99. 17. Hanefeld M, Fischer S, Julius U, et al. Risk factors for myocardial infarction and death in newly detected NIDDM: the Diabetes Intervention Study, 11-year follow-up. Diabetologia 1996;39:1577-83. 18. Glucose tolerance and mortality: comparison of WHO and American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria. The DECODE study group. European Diabetes Epidemiology Group. Diabetes Epidemiology: Collaborative analysis Of Diagnostic criteria in Europe. Lancet 1999;354:617-21. 19. Bucala R, Tracey KJ, Cerami A. Advanced glycosylation products quench nitric oxide and mediate defective endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in experimental diabetes. J Clin Invest 1991;87:432-8. 20. Bucala R, Mitchell R, Arnold K, Innerarity T, Vlassara H, Cerami A. Identification of the major site of apolipoprotein B modification by advanced glycosylation end products blocking uptake by the low density lipoprotein receptor. J Biol Chem 1995;270:10828-32. 21. Lander HM, Tauras JM, Ogiste JS, Hori O, Moss RA, Schmidt AM. Activation of the receptor for advanced glycation end products triggers a p21(ras)-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway regulated by oxidant stress. J Biol Chem 1997;272:17810-4. 22. Schmidt AM, Hori O, Chen JX, et al. Advanced glycation endproducts interacting with their endothelial receptor induce expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in cultured human endothelial cells and in mice. A potential mechanism for the accelerated vasculopathy of diabetes. J Clin Invest 1995;96:1395-403. 23. Vlassara H, Fuh H, Donnelly T, Cybulsky M. Advanced glycation endproducts promote adhesion molecule (VCAM-1, ICAM-1) expression and atheroma formation in normal rabbits. Mol Med 1995;1:447-56. 24. Bierhaus A, Illmer T, Kasper M, et al. Advanced glycation end product (AGE)-mediated induction of tissue factor in cultured endothelial cells is dependent on RAGE. Circulation 1997;96:2262-71. 25. Tanaka N, Yonekura H, Yamagishi S, Fujimori H, Yamamoto Y, Yamamoto H. The receptor for advanced glycation end products is induced by the glycation products themselves and tumor necrosis factor-alpha through nuclear factor-kappa B, and by 17beta-estradiol through Sp-1 in human vascular endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 2000;275:25781-90. 26. Rahman S, Rahman T, Ismail AA, Rashid AR. Diabetes-associated macrovasculopathy: pathophysiology and pathogenesis. Diabetes Obes Metab 2007;9:767-80. 27. Standards of medical care in diabetes--2010. Diabetes Care 2010;33 Suppl 1:S11-61. 28. Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HA, et al. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. BMJ 2000;321:405-12. 29. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. N Engl J Med 1993;329:977-86. 30. Lawson ML, Gerstein HC, Tsui E, Zinman B. Effect of intensive therapy on early macrovascular disease in young individuals with type 1 diabetes. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 1999;22 Suppl 2:B35-9. 31. Postprandial blood glucose. American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2001;24:775-8. 32. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA 2003;289:2560-72. 33. Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 2001;285:2486-97. 34. Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Merz CN, et al. Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Circulation 2004;110:227-39. 35. 沈德昌, 顏兆熊. 第2型糖尿病藥物治療新知. 台灣醫界 Taiwan medical journal 2008;51:22-7. 36. Nolte MS, Karam, J. H. Pangreatic Hormones & Antidiabetic Drugs. In: Katzung B, ed. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. 8th ed. New York: Lange Medical Books/McGraw Hill; 2001:711. 37. Zimmerman BR. Sulfonylureas. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1997;26:511-22. 38. Groop LC. Sulfonylureas in NIDDM. Diabetes Care 1992;15:737-54. 39. Marchetti P, Navalesi R. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships of oral hypoglycaemic agents. An update. Clin Pharmacokinet 1989;16:100-28. 40. Gangji AS, Cukierman T, Gerstein HC, Goldsmith CH, Clase CM. A systematic review and meta-analysis of hypoglycemia and cardiovascular events: a comparison of glyburide with other secretagogues and with insulin. Diabetes Care 2007;30:389-94. 41. Holstein A, Plaschke A, Egberts EH. Lower incidence of severe hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with glimepiride versus glibenclamide. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2001;17:467-73. 42. Koda-Kimble MA, Rotblatt M. Diabetes Mellitus. In: Young L, Koda-Kimble MA, eds, eds. Applied Therapeutics The Clinical Use of Drugs. 4th ed. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics; 1988:1663. 43. MICROMEDEX® 1.0 Thomson Micromedex. (Accessed 06, 2010, at http://www.thomsonhc.com.) 44. Gerich JE. Oral hypoglycemic agents. N Engl J Med 1989;321:1231-45. 45. Meinert CL, Knatterud GL, Prout TE, Klimt CR. A study of the effects of hypoglycemic agents on vascular complications in patients with adult-onset diabetes. II. Mortality results. Diabetes 1970;19:Suppl:789-830. 46. Murry CE, Jennings RB, Reimer KA. Preconditioning with ischemia: a delay of lethal cell injury in ischemic myocardium. Circulation 1986;74:1124-36. 47. Cohen MV, Downey JM. Myocardial preconditioning promises to be a novel approach to the treatment of ischemic heart disease. Annu Rev Med 1996;47:21-9. 48. Gross GJ, Auchampach JA. Blockade of ATP-sensitive potassium channels prevents myocardial preconditioning in dogs. Circ Res 1992;70:223-33. 49. Liu Y, Downey JM. Ischemic preconditioning protects against infarction in rat heart. Am J Physiol 1992;263:H1107-12. 50. Liu GS, Thornton J, Van Winkle DM, Stanley AW, Olsson RA, Downey JM. Protection against infarction afforded by preconditioning is mediated by A1 adenosine receptors in rabbit heart. Circulation 1991;84:350-6. 51. Schott RJ, Rohmann S, Braun ER, Schaper W. Ischemic preconditioning reduces infarct size in swine myocardium. Circ Res 1990;66:1133-42. 52. Deutsch E, Berger M, Kussmaul WG, Hirshfeld JW, Jr., Herrmann HC, Laskey WK. Adaptation to ischemia during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Clinical, hemodynamic, and metabolic features. Circulation 1990;82:2044-51. 53. Andreadou I, Iliodromitis EK, Koufaki M, Kremastinos DT. Pharmacological pre- and post- conditioning agents: reperfusion-injury of the heart revisited. Mini Rev Med Chem 2008;8:952-9. 54. Toombs CF, Moore TL, Shebuski RJ. Limitation of infarct size in the rabbit by ischaemic preconditioning is reversible with glibenclamide. Cardiovasc Res 1993;27:617-22. 55. Nichols CG. KATP channels as molecular sensors of cellular metabolism. Nature 2006;440:470-6. 56. Seino S, Miki T. Physiological and pathophysiological roles of ATP-sensitive K+ channels. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2003;81:133-76. 57. Lefer DJ, Nichols CG, Coetzee WA. Sulfonylurea receptor 1 subunits of ATP-sensitive potassium channels and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2009;19:61-7. 58. Shieh CC, Gopalakrishnan M. Electrophysiological Analysis of ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels in Mammalian Cells and Xenopus Oocytes. Curr Protoc Pharmacol 2003;21:11.6.1-.6.25. 59. Gribble FM, Tucker SJ, Seino S, Ashcroft FM. Tissue specificity of sulfonylureas: studies on cloned cardiac and beta-cell K(ATP) channels. Diabetes 1998;47:1412-8. 60. Ashfield R, Gribble FM, Ashcroft SJ, Ashcroft FM. Identification of the high-affinity tolbutamide site on the SUR1 subunit of the K(ATP) channel. Diabetes 1999;48:1341-7. 61. Gribble FM, Ashcroft FM. Differential sensitivity of beta-cell and extrapancreatic K(ATP) channels to gliclazide. Diabetologia 1999;42:845-8. 62. Song DK, Ashcroft FM. Glimepiride block of cloned beta-cell, cardiac and smooth muscle K(ATP) channels. Br J Pharmacol 2001;133:193-9. 63. Mocanu MM, Maddock HL, Baxter GF, Lawrence CL, Standen NB, Yellon DM. Glimepiride, a novel sulfonylurea, does not abolish myocardial protection afforded by either ischemic preconditioning or diazoxide. Circulation 2001;103:3111-6. 64. Klepzig H, Kober G, Matter C, et al. Sulfonylureas and ischaemic preconditioning; a double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of glimepiride and glibenclamide. Eur Heart J 1999;20:439-46. 65. Lee TM, Chou TF. Impairment of myocardial protection in type 2 diabetic patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:531-7. 66. Li RA, Leppo M, Miki T, Seino S, Marban E. Molecular basis of electrocardiographic ST-segment elevation. Circ Res 2000;87:837-9. 67. Garratt KN, Brady PA, Hassinger NL, Grill DE, Terzic A, Holmes DR, Jr. Sulfonylurea drugs increase early mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus after direct angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;33:119-24. 68. Jollis JG, Simpson RJ, Jr., Cascio WE, Chowdhury MK, Crouse JR, 3rd, Smith SC, Jr. Relation between sulfonylurea therapy, complications, and outcome for elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 1999;138:S376-80. 69. Halkin A, Roth A, Jonas M, Behar S. Sulfonylureas are not associated with increased mortality in diabetics treated with thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2001;12:177-84. 70. Danchin N, Charpentier G, Ledru F, et al. Role of previous treatment with sulfonylureas in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction: results from a nationwide French registry. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2005;21:143-9. 71. Sauer WH, Cappola AR, Berlin JA, Kimmel SE. Insulin sensitizing pharmacotherapy for prevention of myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol 2006;97:651-4. 72. Tzoulaki I, Molokhia M, Curcin V, et al. Risk of cardiovascular disease and all cause mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes prescribed oral antidiabetes drugs: retrospective cohort study using UK general practice research database. BMJ 2009;339:b4731. 73. Aronow WS, Ahn C. Incidence of new coronary events in older persons with diabetes mellitus and prior myocardial infarction treated with sulfonylureas, insulin, metformin, and diet alone. Am J Cardiol 2001;88:556-7. 74. Margolis DJ, Hoffstad O, Strom BL. Association between serious ischemic cardiac outcomes and medications used to treat diabetes. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2008;17:753-9. 75. Monami M, Luzzi C, Lamanna C, et al. Three-year mortality in diabetic patients treated with different combinations of insulin secretagogues and metformin. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2006;22:477-82. 76. Monami M, Balzi D, Lamanna C, et al. Are sulphonylureas all the same? A cohort study on cardiovascular and cancer-related mortality. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2007;23:479-84. 77. Sadikot SM, Mogensen CE. Risk of coronary artery disease associated with initial sulphonylurea treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes: a matched case-control study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2008;82:391-5. 78. Khalangot M, Tronko M, Kravchenko V, Kovtun V. Glibenclamide-related excess in total and cardiovascular mortality risks: data from large Ukrainian observational cohort study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2009;86:247-53. 79. Pantalone KM, Kattan MW, Yu C, et al. The risk of overall mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving glipizide, glyburide, or glimepiride monotherapy: a retrospective analysis. Diabetes Care 2010;33:1224-9. 80. Johnsen SP, Monster TB, Olsen ML, et al. Risk and short-term prognosis of myocardial infarction among users of antidiabetic drugs. Am J Ther 2006;13:134-40. 81. Horsdal HT, Johnsen SP, Sondergaard F, et al. Sulfonylureas and prognosis after myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes: a population-based follow-up study. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2009;25:515-22. 82. 中央健康保險局. (Accessed 05, 2010, at http://www.nhi.gov.tw.) 83. 中華民國統計資訊網. (Accessed 05, 2010, at http://www.stat.gov.tw/mp.asp?mp=4.) 84. 全民健康保險研究資料庫. (Accessed 05, 2010, at http://w3.nhri.org.tw/nhird//index.php.) 85. Booth GL, Kapral MK, Fung K, Tu JV. Relation between age and cardiovascular disease in men and women with diabetes compared with non-diabetic people: a population-based retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2006;368:29-36. 86. International Diabetes Federation Clinical Guidelines Task Force. Global guideline for type 2 diabetes., 2005. (Accessed 06, 2010, at http://www.idf.org/webdata/docs/GGT2D%2012%20Cardiovascular%20risk.pdf.) 87. ATC/DDD Index. . WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology., 2010. (Accessed 06, 2010, at http://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/.) 88. Mamdani M, Juurlink DN, Lee DS, et al. Cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors versus non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and congestive heart failure outcomes in elderly patients: a population-based cohort study. Lancet 2004;363:1751-6. 89. Rahme E, Nedjar H. Risks and benefits of COX-2 inhibitors vs non-selective NSAIDs: does their cardiovascular risk exceed their gastrointestinal benefit? A retrospective cohort study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2007;46:435-8. 90. Parker RB, Rodgers JE, and Cavallari LH. Heart Failure. In: Dipiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, Matzke GR, Well BG, and Posey LM, eds. Pharmacotherpay: a pathophysiologic approach. New York: MaGraw-Hill; 2008:173-216. 91. Triplitt CL, Reasner CA, and Isley WL. Diabetes Mellitus. In: Dipiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, Matzke GR, Well BG, And Posey LM, eds. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach. 6th ed. New York: MaGraw-Hill; 2005:1333-63. 92. Nathan DM, Buse JB, Davidson MB, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: A consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy: a consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2006;29:1963-72. 93. Chiang CW, Chiu HF, Chen CY, Wu HL, Yang CY. Trends in the use of oral antidiabetic drugs by outpatients in Taiwan: 1997-2003. J Clin Pharm Ther 2006;31:73-82. 94. Kirpichnikov D, McFarlane SI, Sowers JR. Metformin: an update. Ann Intern Med 2002;137:25-33. 95. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for cardiovascular disease in dialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2005;45:S1-153. 96. Chuang LM, Tsai ST, Huang BY, Tai TY. The current state of diabetes management in Taiwan. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2001;54 Suppl 1:S55-65. 97. Walker AM, Koro CE, Landon J. Coronary heart disease outcomes in patients receiving antidiabetic agents in the PharMetrics database 2000-2007. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2008;17:760-8. 98. Tayek J. SUR receptor activity vs. incidence of hypoglycaemia and cardiovascular mortality with sulphonylurea therapy for diabetics. Diabetes Obes Metab 2008;10:1128-9; author reply 9-30. 99. Evans JM, Ogston SA, Reimann F, Gribble FM, Morris AD, Pearson ER. No differences in mortality between users of pancreatic-specific and non-pancreatic-specific sulphonylureas: a cohort analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab 2008;10:350-2. 100. Hsiao FY, Huang WF, Wen YW, Chen PF, Kuo KN, Tsai YW. Thiazolidinediones and cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study of over 473,000 patients using the National Health Insurance database in Taiwan. Drug Saf 2009;32:675-90. 101. Lee TM, Lin MS, Tsai CH, Huang CL, Chang NC. Effects of sulfonylureas on left ventricular mass in type 2 diabetic patients. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007;292:H608-13. 102. Colucci W, Braunwald E. Pathophysiology of heart failure. In: Braunwald E, Zipes DP, Libby P, eds. Heart Disease: A textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 6th ed. Philadelphia, Saunders; 2001:503-33. 103. Schlaich MP, Schmieder RE. Left ventricular hypertrophy and its regression: pathophysiology and therapeutic approach: focus on treatment by antihypertensive agents. Am J Hypertens 1998;11:1394-404. 104. Watanuki M, Horie M, Tsuchiya K, Obayashi K, Sasayama S. Endothelin-1 inhibition of cardiac ATP-sensitive K+ channels via pertussis-toxin-sensitive G-proteins. Cardiovasc Res 1997;33:123-30. 105. Jennings PE, Scott NA, Saniabadi AR, Belch JJ. Effects of gliclazide on platelet reactivity and free radicals in type II diabetic patients: clinical assessment. Metabolism 1992;41:36-9. 106. Tsujimoto I, Hikoso S, Yamaguchi O, et al. The antioxidant edaravone attenuates pressure overload-induced left ventricular hypertrophy. Hypertension 2005;45:921-6. 107. McAlister FA, Eurich DT, Majumdar SR, Johnson JA. The risk of heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with oral agent monotherapy. Eur J Heart Fail 2008;10:703-8. 108. Lavie CJ, Gersh BJ. Mechanical and electrical complications of acute myocardial infarction. Mayo Clin Proc 1990;65:709-30. 109. Gheorghiade M, Bonow RO. Chronic heart failure in the United States: a manifestation of coronary artery disease. Circulation 1998;97:282-9. 110. Fuster V, Ryden LE, Cannom DS, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation): developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 2006;114:e257-354. 111. Giorda CB, Avogaro A, Maggini M, et al. Incidence and risk factors for stroke in type 2 diabetic patients: the DAI study. Stroke 2007;38:1154-60. 112. Sacco RL, Benjamin EJ, Broderick JP, et al. American Heart Association Prevention Conference. IV. Prevention and Rehabilitation of Stroke. Risk factors. Stroke 1997;28:1507-17. 113. Simard JM, Chen M, Tarasov KV, et al. Newly expressed SUR1-regulated NC(Ca-ATP) channel mediates cerebral edema after ischemic stroke. Nat Med 2006;12:433-40. 114. Simard JM, Kent TA, Chen M, Tarasov KV, Gerzanich V. Brain oedema in focal ischaemia: molecular pathophysiology and theoretical implications. Lancet Neurol 2007;6:258-68. 115. Kunte H, Schmidt S, Eliasziw M, et al. Sulfonylureas improve outcome in patients with type 2 diabetes and acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2007;38:2526-30. 116. Ruoslahti E. Integrins. J Clin Invest 1991;87:1-5. 117. Lawrence MB, Springer TA. Leukocytes roll on a selectin at physiologic flow rates: distinction from and prerequisite for adhesion through integrins. Cell 1991;65:859-73. 118. Mayadas TN, Johnson RC, Rayburn H, Hynes RO, Wagner DD. Leukocyte rolling and extravasation are severely compromised in P selectin-deficient mice. Cell 1993;74:541-54. 119. Omi H, Okayama N, Shimizu M, et al. Participation of high glucose concentrations in neutrophil adhesion and surface expression of adhesion molecules on cultured human endothelial cells: effect of antidiabetic medicines. J Diabetes Complications 2002;16:201-8. 120. Schiekofer S, Rudofsky G, Jr., Andrassy M, et al. Glimepiride reduces mononuclear activation of the redox-sensitive transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B. Diabetes Obes Metab 2003;5:251-61. 121. Hill AB. The environment and disease: association or causation? Proc R Soc Med 1965;58:295-300. | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/47865 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 研究背景 大血管併發症為第二型糖尿病病人的主要死因,因此糖尿病的重要治療目標為減少併發症的發生。然而,1970年代的UGDP研究卻發現:第一代sulfonylurea (tolbutamide)可能會增加病人的心血管死亡率。由於sulfonylurea也會抑制心血管系統的KATP channel,進而抑制缺血預適應(ischemic preconditioning)的保護作用,增加對心肌細胞的傷害。但之後的UKPDS研究卻沒有發現glyburide對心血管系統的不良影響,許多觀察性研究的結果也不一致。有鑑於各個sulfonylurea的對心血管系統的作用不盡相同,且目前sulfonylurea仍為糖尿病治療的前線藥物,而國內尚無探討此議題的流行病學研究,藉由本研究之進行希望能提供醫療人員選擇糖尿病藥物之參考。
研究目的 本研究目的為針對新開方口服糖尿病藥物的糖尿病病患,探討不同sulfonylurea相對於metformin,在心臟血管相關的安全性問題。 研究方法 本研究為一回溯性世代研究,以健保資料庫2005年百萬人承保抽樣歸人檔(LHID 2005)為研究材料,收納40歲以上,新開方之口服糖尿病藥物為單獨使用sulfonylurea (SFU組)、單獨使用metformin (MET組)、或sulfonylurea合併metformin雙重用藥(SFU+MET組)的第二型糖尿病病人。研究設計主要兩大部分,第一部分為描述性統計分析:比較各組間的基本流行病學資料、併用心血管藥物、及共存疾病的情形。第二部分為存活分析:利用time-dependent Cox’s proportional hazard model,針對冠心病住院事件、心衰竭住院事件、以及缺血性中風住院事件此三個研究終點,進行多變項迴歸分析,探討使用sulfonylurea的短期 (30天)及長期(365天)影響。此外也將sulfonylurea的個別品項獨立出來,分析不同sulfonylurea,對病人心血管疾病風險的影響。 研究結果 研究族群共25,536人,其中SFU組有12,494人、MET組有7,840人、SFU+MET組有5,202人。第一部分研究結果:MET組的年齡顯著高於其他兩組,男性比例、平均追蹤期間、及換藥比例則低於其他兩組。除了慢性腎衰竭以外,MET組的共存疾病的比例大多高於其他兩組;除了後線降血壓藥物以外,MET組使用心血管藥物的比例也大多高於其他兩組。第二部分研究結果:將所有sulfonylurea視為一個變項,校正其他干擾因子後,無論是30天或365天模式,均不影響冠心病事件、急性心肌梗塞事件、以及心衰竭事件的風險。但使用sulfonylurea的病人相較於未使用者,短期內發生缺血性中風的風險較低,HR為0.735 (95% CI 0.569-0.949)。若進一步將sulfonylurea的個別品項獨立出來,無論短期或長期影響,使用glipizide的病人,發生冠心病事件的風險均較高;使用glyburide的病人則風險較低。但兩藥物均只有在365天的長期影響分析才達到顯著:glipizide在劑量模式的HR為1.002 (95% CI 1.000-1.004);glyburide在有無模式的HR為0.702 (95% CI 0.510-0.966)。急性心肌梗塞事件方面,使用glipizide的病人,無論短期或長期影響,發生事件的風險均顯著較高,且累積劑量越高則風險越高。心衰竭事件方面,無論短期或長期影響,使用glipizide均會增加病人發生事件的風險,且累積劑量越高則風險越高。而單獨使用gliclazide相對於單獨使用metformin的病人,30天內發生心衰竭事件的HR為1.635 (95% CI 1.017-2.630)。缺血性中風事件方面,使用glimepiride的病人,30天內發生事件的HR為0.593 (95% CI 0.371-0.949)。 結論 個別sulfonylurea影響心血管疾病的風險不盡相同。本研究發現使用glipizide,可能會增加病人發生急性心肌梗塞及心衰竭的風險,因此使用於高危險群病人要特別小心,至於其他sulfonylurea對心血管風險的影響,則需要更多研究,才能得到較明確的結果。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-15T06:23:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-99-R97451004-1.pdf: 1364071 bytes, checksum: 3a4a2b7a5d18718b4510c2060258941c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 謝辭 i
中文摘要 ii Abstract iv 目錄 vi 圖目錄 ix 表目錄 x 第1章 前言 1 第2章 文獻回顧 3 第1節 糖尿病簡介 3 2.1.1 糖尿病在全球與台灣的流行病學 3 2.1.2糖尿病的分類 3 2.1.3糖尿病的心血管併發症 5 第2節 糖尿病的治療 7 2.2.1磺醯尿素類藥物(sulfonylureas) 8 2.2.2非磺醯尿素類藥物 11 第3節 磺醯尿素類藥物(sulfonylureas)與心血管疾病 17 2.3.1 前瞻性隨機分配臨床試驗──UGDP及UKDPS 17 2.3.2缺血預適應(ischemic preconditioning, IPC)與磺醯尿素受器亞型 19 2.3.3不同磺醯尿素對缺血預適應(IPC)的影響 21 2.3.4不同磺醯尿素與心血管風險:觀察性研究 22 第3章 研究目的 29 第4章 研究方法 30 第1節 研究材料 30 第2節 研究架構、研究族群建立、研究終點定義 31 4.2.1 研究架構 31 4.2.2 研究對象的納入條件與排除條件 31 4.2.3 研究分組及換藥定義 34 4.2.4 研究終點定義 35 4.2.5 研究期間定義 36 4.2.6 研究資料收集 36 第3節 統計分析 43 4.3.1研究族群背景資料描述性統計分析 43 4.3.2研究終點事件存活分析 43 4.3.3統計軟體 45 第5章 研究結果 46 第1節 研究族群與背景資料分析 46 5.1.1新使用口服糖尿病藥物的糖尿病病人群(DM_OHA new users) 46 5.1.2研究族群建立與背景分析 48 5.1.3研究族群分組及基本流行病學資料分析 50 5.1.4研究族群組間共存疾病與併用藥品分析 53 第2節 主要研究終點──冠狀動脈心臟病住院事件(CAD事件) 56 5.2.1 CAD事件之研究族群與粗發生率 56 5.2.2 CAD事件之存活分析 59 5.2.3 CAD_410事件之存活分析 70 第3節 次要研究終點──心衰竭住院事件(HF事件) 79 5.3.1 HF事件之研究族群與粗發生率 79 5.3.2 HF事件之存活分析 82 第4節 次要研究終點──缺血性中風事件(IS事件) 93 5.4.1 IS事件之研究族群與粗發生率 93 5.4.2 IS事件之存活分析 96 第6章 討論 108 第1節 口服糖尿病藥物新使用者與研究族群背景資料 108 6.1.1 DM_OHA new users於index date當天的糖尿病藥物開方情形 108 6.1.2 研究族群背景資料 109 6.1.3 MET組、SFU組及SFU+MET組之共存疾病及併用藥品 110 第2節 Sulfonylureas與CAD事件 113 6.2.1 CAD事件粗發生率 113 6.2.2 Sulfonylureas之CAD事件存活分析結果 113 6.2.3本研究與其他相關文獻之討論 115 第3節 Sulfonylurea類藥物與HF事件 121 6.3.1 HF事件粗發生率 121 6.3.2 Sulfonylureas之HF事件存活分析結果 121 6.3.3本研究與其他相關文獻之討論 122 第4節 Sulfonylurea類藥物與IS事件 125 6.4.1 IS事件粗發生率 125 6.4.2 Sulfonylureas之IS事件存活分析結果 125 6.4.3本研究與其他相關文獻之討論 126 第5節 本研究之研究限制與優點 128 6.5.1 本研究之限制 128 6.5.2 本研究之特色與優點 128 第7章 結論 129 參考文獻 130 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 不同磺醯尿素類對於第二型糖尿病病人心臟血管風險之藥物流行病學研究 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Pharmacoepidemiology Study on Cardiovascular Risk in Type Ⅱ Diabetes Mellitus Patients Exposed to Different Sulfonylureas | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 98-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 高淑芬,李永凌 | |
dc.subject.keyword | 磺醯尿素,心血管風險, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | sulfonylurea,cardiovascular risk, | en |
dc.relation.page | 138 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2010-08-09 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 醫學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 臨床藥學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 臨床藥學研究所 |
文件中的檔案:
檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
---|---|---|---|
ntu-99-1.pdf 目前未授權公開取用 | 1.33 MB | Adobe PDF |
系統中的文件,除了特別指名其著作權條款之外,均受到著作權保護,並且保留所有的權利。