胡宏與張栻思想比較研究－以本體論、工夫論為主

Abstract

胡五峰與張南軒是湖湘學派的代表人物，以紹述二程之學為志。本文期望透過對兩人作品的分析、比較，暫時跳脫前人由湖湘一脈評騭二人學說的觀念，還原五峰與南軒個人思想的特質，架構出他們思想各自的骨架及脈絡，並注意二人的姿性差異如何影響他們自我修養與建立學說的方向，進一步探究他們學問之間的聯繫與差別。 結構安排上，第一章「緒論」，說明相關研究概況，陳述撰作旨意。第二章「五峰與南軒家學背景」，簡介兩人家學、師承與交游關係，及一生經歷梗概。第三章「天道與心性」，講述五峰與南軒對天人關係的看法、心性情等概念相互之間的結構關係，最後分由兩方不同視角，針對未發已發、性無善惡、論仁的特色等問題，加以解析闡釋。第四章「五峰與南軒的為學工夫論」，歸納其各自的工夫要點，使成一完整系統，以見出他們在為學次地上的些許差異，並探討差異產生的可能原因。第五章「結論」，總結前文，對兩人的學問性格提出觀察心得，並嘗試定位其學說在理學史上的價值。

As Hu Wu-Fong and Zhang Nan-Hsuan are representatives of the Hu Hsiang School, they always aspire to succeed the teachings of Cheng's Brothers. On the basis of the comparison between their works, this study is aiming to explore respectively the structures and contexts of Hu Wu-Fong's and Zhang Nan-Hsuan's ideologies. Leaving aside existing comments on the Hu Hsiang theory, this study looks into their characteristics of thinking and nail on how their characters influenced their self-cultivation and ideologies, as well as researching further into the connections and differences between their views. In regard to the contents, Chapter One 'Introduction' states the related researches and the objective of the study. Chapter Two, 'Hu Wu-Fong's and Zhang Nan-Hsuan's family traditional learning backgrounds', briefly introduces their family tradition of learning, academic origins, friendships and life experiences. Chapter Three, 'The Heavenly way, Mind and Nature', firstly illustrates Hu Wu-Fong's and Zhang Nan-Hsuan's views in terms of the relationship between Heaven and Man, as well as the interaction of various concepts like Mind, Nature, Emotion and so on. Secondly, the study analyses issues such as 'the Pureness and the Developed', 'Nature of no good or evil' and 'the interpretation of Humanity ' from their own point of view. Chapter Four, 'Hu Wu-Fong's and Zhang Nan-Hsuan's Theory of Practice', synthesises their respective manners of practice as complete systems, in order to see the differences while their teachings were developed and to investigate the possible explanations for the differences. Chapter Five 'Conclusion' summarises contents given above and presents an observation based on Hu Wu-Fong's and Zhang Nan-Hsuan's characteristics of thinking, also trying to define the significance of their theories in the History of Neo-Confucianism.