從偕醫館到馬偕紀念醫院——殖民地近代化中的醫療傳教（1880-1919）

Abstract

本論文討論馬偕醫院在「偕醫館」時期的歷史和從「偕醫館」轉變成「馬偕紀念醫院」之後的營運情形，探究何為促成「偕醫館」在日治時代轉變成「馬偕紀念醫院」的歷史因素，這樣的轉變和大時代變遷的關連，以及這樣的轉變對馬偕醫院醫療傳教的影響。前述之「馬偕醫院」包含最初的「偕醫館」及後來的「馬偕紀念醫院」，是較廣泛的通稱。 論文首先簡介十九和二十世紀臺灣整體基督教的醫療傳教事業，接著將焦點放在北臺灣加拿大長老會的醫療傳教事業，即馬偕建立的「偕醫館」。在偕醫館營運15年之後，臺灣進入日治時期。在日治時期馬偕逝世之後，接續主持偕醫館的是宋雅各（J. Y. Ferguson）醫師，他對偕醫館的發展深具貢獻，也在加拿大長老會的機關報The Presbyterian Record中，留下與偕醫館相關的大量史料。對照同時期臺灣總督府在臺灣實行的醫療政策後，本論文提出，臺灣總督府的殖民地近代化醫療政策，是促使偕醫館轉變成馬偕紀念醫院的關鍵原因。 在論文中同時也列舉其他臺灣醫療史學者的二手研究成果，盼望讀者能更瞭解與馬偕醫院同時代的其他基督教醫院和臺灣總督府官立醫院，這是馬偕醫院所處的時代脈絡。最後以傳教士留下的史料結合臺灣總督府公文類纂史料，並參考醫療社會學的相關研究，指出在臺灣總督府的殖民地近代化醫療政策，促使偕醫館轉變成馬偕紀念醫院，而這樣的轉變，對馬偕醫院的「醫療傳教」事業有深遠的影響，使醫療與傳教分家，醫院經營趨向世俗化。

This thesis intends to explore the history of the development of Mackay Memorial Hospital in the Japanese colonial period, by discussing how the hospital transformed from Mackay Mission Hospital to Mackay Memorial Hospital, its historical background and other changing factors. At first, I will give a brief introduction to the medical mission work in Taiwan during the 19th and 20th century. Then I will focus on Dr. Mackay’s medical mission work in northern Taiwan-his cooperation with those resident medical men of English community and the founding of Mackay Mission Hospital. After Dr. Mackay’s death, Dr. J.Y. Ferguson took charge of Mackay Mission Hospital. In the meantime Taiwan was occupied by Japan. Ferguson had great contribution to both Mackay Mission Hospital and Mackay Memorial Hospital, and left lots of sources about the two hospitals in The Presbyterian Record. In Chapters 2 and 3, I analyze these sources and it indicates that Dr. Ferguson had been eager to establish a brand new hospital. This thesis also contains records from Japanese medical law, trying to compare them with Medical Missionaries’ sources. The conclusion then points out that Japanese government’s medical policy affected Mackay Mission Hospital greatly, pushing it become Mackay Memorial Hospital. This transition led to the secularization of the hospital’s management.