應用安全存貨及備援廠商管理供應鏈斷鏈風險

Abstract

隨著科技與運輸工具的進步，供應鏈越來越全球化，但也越來越脆弱及易受影響。因此，在當今社會，關於供應鏈風險管理的議題也就越來越重要。當一家公司的供應鏈系統易受其環境影響而變得相當脆弱時，公司的決策者就必須考慮採取減輕策略來因應大環境的衝擊。在本研究中，本文採取了兩種預防性的減輕策略來避免供應鏈系統受到中斷風險嚴重地影響。本文分析了安全存貨及備援廠商兩種減輕策略的特性，接著再將此兩種減輕策略應用在一起以達到最低的運用減輕策略成本為目標。 本文模型主要探討在兩級的供應鏈系統下，當零售商是以採取持續檢視政策及受到隨機需求，並且其補貨來源基本上是來自於一家有可能會遇到中斷危機的主要供應商的情境下所做的討論。在上述的情況下，本研究找出了同時採取此兩種預防性減輕策略並且能夠達到最低目標成本的最適解。通過本研究，可以了解能夠達到最低目標成本的安全存貨與備援廠商的最適分配比例為何。此外，本研究也進行了敏感度分析及情境分析，讓決策者能了解在不同情境下所應採取的行動及分配減輕策略的比例。數值分析的結果證明了本文模型的正確性，並且也提供決策者一個可靠的決策依據，讓其可以在確保最低成本的條件下採取本文模型所建議的減輕策略比例。

With improvement in technology and transportation, supply chain becomes more international and, unfortunately, more vulnerable. Hence, issues about supply chain risk management are more and more important nowadays. When company’s supply chain is very vulnerable to its environment, company’s decision maker should consider applying mitigation strategies to survive in this environment. In our research, this study applies two proactive mitigation strategies to prevent our supply chain system from serious disruption risk. This study analyzes the characteristics of safety stock and backup supplier and applies these two mitigation strategies together to achieve the lowest cost of adopting mitigation approaches. Our model considers stochastic demands with continuous-review system under two-echelon supply chain in which a retailer replenishes its inventory basically from a vulnerable primary supplier who may have a big chance to encounter disruptions. Under this circumstance, this study find out the optimal solution of proactively adopting two mitigation strategies together so as to achieve our objective function, the lowest working inventory cost. This study understands the optimal adopting proportions of backup supplier and additional safety stock that can let us achieve our lowest cost. These studies also do sensitivity analyses and scenario analyses to understand what decision maker should do when under different situations. The results of numerical analysis prove that our model is valid and can really help decision maker to make proper decisions while does not have to worry about drastic changes on total cost.