台灣週邊海域波浪能源分佈特性之研究

Abstract

本研究引用港灣技術研究中心TaiCOMS之波浪模擬預報資料及氣象局波浪浮標實測紀錄資料和颱風氣象紀錄，對台灣周邊海域波能密度之時空變化進行分析探討，以掌握台灣週邊海域之波能密度隨海域、季節之變動情況，以及季風與颱風之效應，最後並針對環台波能總量進行推估。研究顯示東北海域最具開發潛力。此外，除台灣西南海域因受本島屏蔽外，其餘各海域能量密度之高峰期間主要皆發生在秋冬兩季，且以東部海域之情況最為明顯，此亦顯示波能明顯受秋冬之東北季風主導。而西南海域主要之能量密度高峰期間則集中在春夏兩季，而且除了夏季之外，其他各季西南海域波能密度皆小於其他海域，此亦顯示西南海域波能明顯受春夏之西南季風主導。由於颱風夾帶強烈能量之影響，台灣周邊海域之能量隨颱風效應變動明顯。尤其西南海域因年平均波能密度較小，其各年變動受颱風數量、強度之影響因此更顯著。此外，經由波能總量推估，顯示環台波能之平均年總量約可達16.9TWh/yr，若假設海域空間利用率為10%，波能發電裝置可將15%之波能轉換為電能加以利用，其全年約可產生0.3 TWh/yr之總能量，約為2008年台灣再生能源供給總量4.83TWh/yr的6.2%。

Focusing on the assessment of wave energy resources around Taiwan sea area, in the present study, the forecasted wave data of TaiCOMS offered by Harbor and Marine Technology Center, records of wave buoys deployed by Central Weather Bureau and information of Typhoon are adopted to analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of wave power density in Taiwan sea area. In addition, the effects of monsoon and Typhoon to the wave energy are investigated, and the average annual wave power around Taiwan is also estimated. It has been confirmed that Northeastern sea area is the most potential area for wave energy utilization in Taiwan. It is clarified that the peak of wave power density occurs in the seasons of autumn and winter for most of Taiwan sea area except Southwest, in which peak seasons are located in spring and summer. These results imply that the wave power in Taiwan sea area is dominated by monsoon. However, because a Typhoon usually brings huge energy, the annual wave power may affected by the number and scale of Typhoon that attack Taiwan. The effects of Typhoon to the annual wave power are especially significant for Southwestern sea area. Finally, for the resources assessment, the average annual wave power of near shore surrounding Taiwan is estimated to the amount about 16.9TWh/y.