台灣就業者社經地位之實證研究

Abstract

傳統上，經濟學上大多使用所得分配，來做為觀察社會經濟結構的指標。然而觀察一個社會的結構，除了從經濟面(如所得)來觀察外，也可從政治或文化的角度來觀察。在本研究中，試著從台灣就業者的社經地位角度出發，來探討台灣的社會結構。 在此我們選用了幾組資料庫， 1.「職類別薪資調查」, 2.「人力資源調查」及3.「台灣社會變遷調查」來做為研究的資料來源， 而後將這三組資料庫進行整合後，再搭配上由Ganzeboom等人所建構的「國際職業社經地位指標」(International Socio-Economic Index of Occupational Status, ISEI)做為研究工具，分析台灣就業者之社經地位分布。 透過上述的資料與工具，研究發現，目前台灣就業者之社經地位分布呈現出近似「西洋梨」之結構，這是一種處於「橄欖型」與「金字塔型」間的過渡結構，這樣的結果也說明了，台灣目前乃處於從開發中國家邁向已開發國家之林的階段。 本文也使用了ISSP(International Social Survey Programme)所提供之資料建構美國、瑞典、韓國以及菲律賓四國的ISEI分布，以及李強於2005年對中國就業者所做的研究，藉此將台灣之現況與國際上不同發展程度之國家做一個比較。

Traditionally, most of economic empirical studies take income as the key variable to investigate the structure of the economy.Besides the distribution of income, one can also study the economic structure from the view points, for example,politics or culture.In this research, we have studied the Taiwan social-economic structure from the viewpoint of occupational status. Three data sets are used in this research.1.Builetin of Occupation Wage Survey, 2.Manpower Survey, 3.Taiwan Social Change Survey.We have intergrated these three data sets. The ISEI(International Socio-Economic Index of Occupational Status) is constructed by Ganzeboom, H.B.G., De Graaf, P.M., and Treiman, D.J.(1996) is applied to Taiwan`s data to analyzes the socio-economic status of employment in Taiwan. We found that the distribution of socio-economic status in Taiwan is similar to the shape of a ``pear' shape which is, in our view, a transitional structure between ``spindle shape'and``pyramid shape'.This result explains that Taiwan is in a transitional stage from a developing country into a developed country. In this paper, we have also used the data of ISSP(International Social Survey Programme) to compose ISEI for U.S.A., Sweden, South Korea and Philippines, and also the study of worker in China by Qiang Li(2005) to make a comparison of Taiwan with developed and developing countries in the world.