非農藥資材對台灣金線蓮莖基腐病之防治效果

Abstract

金線蓮莖基腐病(stem rot)普遍發生於金線蓮（Anoectochilus formosanus）的栽培場，不論株齡大小皆會受其危害，為金線蓮生產栽培上主要限制因子。因金線蓮是重要中藥材，可全株入藥，且在植物保護手冊無正式推薦藥劑，故本研究擬探討利用非農藥資材對此一莖基腐病防治之可行性。在培養皿上利用十種精油及竹醋液測定對莖基腐病原菌抑制生長之結果，發現濃度1000ppm之肖楠精油具有100%的生長抑制效果。利用七種非農藥資材防治配方，分別為(1) 2000ppm KHCO3(添加1% Tween 20)、(2) 2000ppm NaHCO3(添加1% Tween 20)、(3) 2000ppm 肖楠精油(添加1% Tween 20)、(4) 1000ppm KHCO3(添加1% Tween 20)、(5) 1000ppm NaHCO3(添加1% Tween 20)、(6) 1000ppm肖楠精油 (添加1% Tween 20)、(7)1000ppm (KHCO3 ＋ Tween 20)，進行盆栽接種病原之防治試驗，發現1000ppmNaHCO3 + 1%Tween 20、2000ppm NaHCO3 + 1%Tween 20及1000ppm (KHCO3 + Tween 20)與對照組相比皆具有防治之效果，其植株存活率達33%，對照組之存活率僅27%，為對照組之1.2倍，此防治效果優於化學藥劑腐絕。施用500ppm 41.8% 腐絕(Thiabendazole)做為負對照組，其存活率只有20%。在盆栽未接種病原菌之防治試驗中則以噴施2000ppm KHCO3＋1% Tween 20之防治效果最佳，防治率為46%。另在種植前做碳酸氫鉀水溶液浸泡根部處理及噴施處理皆可減低發病率約20%。綜合上述試驗結果可知非農藥資材對金線蓮莖基腐病仍具有某些程度之防治效果，未來在金線蓮莖基腐病防治上極具有推廣之潛力。

The stern rot of Anoectochilus formosanus caused by what ? Occurs frequently in the greenhouse in Taiwan. This disease has become the limiting factor in the cultivation of the Anoectochilus formosanus. The Anoectochilus formosanus is an important Chinese medicinal plant and the which plant can be made into the medicine. However, there is no recommended pesticide prescription in the plant protection manual. This research is to test different non-pesticide materials for their effectiveness in controlling this disease. Ten essential oils and bamboo vinegar were evaluated for their growth inhibition againest of the pathogens. Results showed that the essential oil from Taiwan incense cedar can 100% inhibit the mycelium growth of this pathogen. Seven non-pesticide materials including (1) 2000 ppm KHCO3 (plus 1% Tween 20), (2) 2000 ppm NaHCO3 (plus 1% Tween 20), (3) 2000 ppm Taiwan incense ceda (plus 1% Tween 20), (4) 1000 ppm KHCO3(plus 1% Tween 20) , (5) 1000 ppm NaHCO3 ( plus 1% Tween 20) , (6) 1000 ppm Taiwan incense ceda (plus 1% Tween 20) , and (7)1000 ppm (KHCO3 ＋ Tween 20) wew tested in the inoculated potted plants, the results showed that the survival rates of the herb at 1000 ppm NaHCO3 (plus 1% Tween 20)、2000 ppm NaHCO3 (plus 1% Tween 20) or 1000 ppm (KHCO3 ＋ Tween 20) were over 33%. The treatment with 500 ppm 41.8% Thiabendazole showed only 20% survival rate. In non-inoculated plant control trials best control treatment were spray of 2000 ppm KHCO3＋1% Tween 20 with the control rate of 46%. The treatment of herb seedling with KHCO3, either by dipping in the KHCO3solution or spraying with KHCO3 , showed 20% reduction of disease incidence. These results suggest that non-pesticide materials are to some extent capable of controlling this serious disease of the stem rot. This approach can be recommended to farmers for the stem rot control of the Anoectochilus formosanus.