圈養金背鳩血液生化、蛋白質電泳參考值之建立與研究

Abstract

金背鳩（Streptopelia orientalis）屬於台灣特有亞種鳥類，除了中高海拔外，幾乎遍布台灣，和人類生活環境重疊性高。金背鳩在北部救傷單位統計數量較中南部多，常需要醫療上的協助。然而目前無可供參考的血檢值來提供正確的臨床疾病診斷依據。故本研究主要目的為建立金背鳩血液生化參考值及蛋白質電泳參考值，並針對年齡、性別和體態等差異對結果進行分析。最後比較總蛋白的兩種檢驗方式，以期找到相關性來降地檢驗所需之血液樣本需求量，並可運用於臨床上。 實驗共收集圈養金背鳩亞成鳥8隻和成鳥36隻，其中公鳥19隻、母鳥25隻。以物理保定進行翼靜脈採血，血液常規檢查項目包括血容比（PCV）、血紅素（Hb）、紅白血球計數、血球分類比例，及血液生化學項目包括總蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（Albumin）、葡萄糖（Glocose）、天門冬酸鹽轉胺酶（AST）、尿素氮（BUN）、膽固醇（Cholesterol）、肌酐激脢（CK）、尿酸（Uric acid）、三酸甘油脂（Triglyceride）、血鈣（Ca）、血磷（P）、血鈉（Na）、血氯（Cl）、血鉀（K）等項目，建立健康個體的參考值範圍，並以血漿進行蛋白質電泳分析，呈現各蛋白質種類的比例、血漿濃度參考值以及圖形的分布。最後採取少量血漿以屈光鏡讀取數值與化學方法（biuret method）比較。 結果顯示性別對金背鳩血檢數值沒有影響，在年齡上有顯著差異性，其影響的項目包含總蛋白、白蛋白、血磷、膽固醇、血鈉、血氯、血鉀、Alpha 2 和Beta globulin。成鳥的總蛋白、白蛋白、膽固醇、血鈉、血氯和Alpha 2 globulin濃度高於亞成鳥；血磷、血鉀和Beta globulin比例低於亞成鳥。體態影響項目為總蛋白和白蛋白，體態較佳的鳥隻此兩項濃度較高。屈光鏡檢驗血中總蛋白的結果與化學方法（biuret method）呈現高度相關性，顯示此方法可準確運用於預測金背鳩總蛋白血漿濃度的變化。 本研究結果建立金背鳩血液生化學及蛋白質電泳的參考數值，並確立屈光鏡檢驗金背鳩總蛋白血漿濃度的準確性，對於金背鳩的臨床病理學、醫療救傷及保育工作具有重要的參考價值。

Oriental Turtle Doves (Streptopelia orientalis), belonging to the endemic subspecies in Taiwan live across almost entire Taiwan except intermediate and high altitude. In our rescue center, the case number of Oriental Turtle Dove is increasing. The goal of this study was to establish reference intervals for hematology, plasma biochemical analysis, and plasma protein electrophoresis for oriental turtle doves. In addition, we analyzed the inference of age, gender, and body condition in these values, and evaluated the accuracy of hand-held refractometer in determining total plasma protein concentrations in Oriental Turtle Doves as compared with the standard biuret method. Blood samples were taken from the basilic vein from 8 subadults and 36 adults (25 females and 19 males) captive Oriental Turtle Doves. Hematologic values included packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell count, white cell count, and leukocyte differential count. Blood biochemistry items included total plasma protein, albumin, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), cholesterol, calcium, phosphorus, triglyceride, urea, uric acid, sodium, chloride, and potassium concentrations as well as protein electrophoretic fractions. The results demonstrated that ages and body conditions affected hematologic and biochemical values. Adults had significantly higher values in total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, sodium, chloride and alpha2 globulin while subadults had higher values in phosphorus, potassium and beta globulin. The birds in better body conditions had higher levels of blood albumin and total protein concentrations. No differences were found between groups of sexes for any of the parameters. The results of comparing refractometer with biuret method indicated that plasma protein values may be accurately determined in Oriental Turtle Doves with a hand-held refractometer. The hematological, biochemical and protein electrophoretic fractions reference values established in this study and confirmation of the accuracy in determining total protein concentration by refractometer are important and useful for clinically evaluating rescued oriental turtle doves and provide baseline data for future investigations of free-living oriental turtle doves.