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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 詹長權(Chang-Chuan Chan) | |
dc.contributor.author | Jui-Chao Weng | en |
dc.contributor.author | 翁瑞昭 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-15T04:13:28Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2012-03-12 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2010-03-12 | |
dc.date.issued | 2010 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2010-01-21 | |
dc.identifier.citation | 1. Statistical Compendium for the Dorbis Assessment. Luxembourg: Eurostat; 1995.
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dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/45307 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 背景-研究指出室內氮氧化物同時受到室內與室外污染源的影響,但大部分的研究多以探討家戶室內外濃度的關係為主,其他室內微環境的研究則相對較少。因此本研究將針對氮氧化物在室外水平及垂直的三維空間分佈狀況,以及家戶、辦公室與運動中心的室內外氮氧化物濃度比例進行研究,並探討潛在影響因子與氮氧化物濃度之間的關係。
方法-本研究以大臺北地區的人口密度為基礎,建立高空間解析度之細部監測網絡,包括21個都市背景監測點與19個交通監測點,並從中選出11個監測點作氮氧化物在垂直剖面的濃度分佈探討。此外,同時也從40個室外監測點中選出19個家戶、23間辦公室以及7家運動中心進行室內外氮氧化物濃度的監測。研究時間為2009年6月至10月,所有樣本均以Ogawa被動式採樣器進行為期14天之採樣,並以直讀式儀器在潛在污染附近連續量測二氧化氮的濃度,另一方面也針對各個監測點完成室外環境調查表與室內污染源及通風狀況之問卷。 結果-本研究在19個交通監測點所量測的NOx濃度顯著高於21個都市背景監測點,但NO2濃度僅達邊際顯著差異。NOx之平均濃度在交通監測點與都市背景監測點分別為39.7 ppb與26.4 ppb,而NO2的平均濃度則分別為21.2 ppb與18.4 ppb。垂直分佈方面,結果顯示氮氧化物濃度隨著垂直高度的增加而下降,四至六樓(11.1-17.5公尺)的NOx與NO2濃度分別是一至三樓(1.5-7.9公尺)的0.79倍與0.75倍;而七至八樓(20.7-23.9公尺)的NOx與NO2濃度則分別是一至三樓(1.5-7.9公尺)的0.64倍與0.67倍。室內外濃度分佈方面,總共完成了19個廚房、14個臥室、9個客廳、23個辦公室、7個健身房、7個綜合球場、7個溫水游泳池及各場所室外之採樣,其中廚房的NOx與NO2濃度分別是38.0 ppb與22.8 ppb,而溫水游泳池的NOx與NO2濃度分別是48.0 ppb與24.0 ppb,均顯著高於室外濃度。相較之下,辦公室室內的NOx與NO2濃度分別是18.7 ppb與12.0 ppb,顯著低於室外濃度。Indoor/outdoor ratio方面,NOx在廚房與溫水游泳池的平均indoor/outdoor ratio分別為1.47與2.03,而NO2的平均indoor/outdoor ratio分別為1.28與1.54。此外,本研究同時也發現在臥室開窗會顯著提高室內的NO2濃度,而在廚房使用液態瓦斯燃料進行烹調時,NOx濃度與使用非液態瓦斯之廚房達邊際顯著差異。另一方面,NO2濃度在溫水游泳池附近的鍋爐機房之中以熱水鍋爐周圍最高,呈一明顯的濃度梯度,表示鍋爐為一室內污染源。 結論-室內與室外的氮氧化物污染源,諸如在廚房使用瓦斯爐、在運動中心使用熱水鍋爐以及交通源的排放,均會使室內微環境的氮氧化物濃度上升。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | Background-Previous studies have demonstrated indoor air quality of nitrogen oxides (NOx) is related to both outdoor and indoor emission sources but most of them focused mainly on homes in Taiwan. There are relatively few studies on indoor NOx issues in other indoor microenvironments. The purpose of this study is to characterize spatial and indoor/outdoor distribution of NOx in homes, offices and sports centers in Taipei and investigate factors affecting their distributions.
Methods-We used a population density based sampling strategy to select 40 sites in Taipei, including 21 urban background sites and 19 traffic sites for our field sampling. Among them, 11 sites were selected to study vertical profiles of NOx in Taipei. In addition to outdoor monitoring, we also selected 19 homes near these sites, 23 borough-matched offices and 7 sports centers for investigation of indoor/outdoor relationships. Air samples were collected for 14 days by Ogawa passive samplers indoors and outdoors simultaneously in each location. Indoor and outdoor NOx emissions sources and activities were collected by questionnaire survey and continuously monitoring on potential hot spots of emissions. The study was conducted during June-October, 2009. Results-Mean outdoor NOx concentrations at 19 traffic sites were significantly higher than 21 urban background sites. The NOx concentrations at traffic sites and urban background sites were 39.7 ppb and 26.4 ppb during the study period. On the other hand, the NO2 concentrations at traffic sites and urban background sites were 21.2 ppb and 18.4 ppb respectively. On the aspect of vertical profile of NOx, a decrease in both NOx and NO2 concentrations with increasing height was found. The NOx and NO2 concentrations at 4th-6 th floors of 11.1-17.5 m high were 0.79 times and 0.75 times lower than the concentrations at 1st-3 rd floors of 1.5-7.9 m high, the NOx and NO2 concentrations at 7th-8 th floors of 20.7-23.9 m high were 0.64 times and 0.67 times lower than the concentrations which at1st-3 rd floors of 1.5-7.9 m high, respectively. We also completed air sampling at the location of 19 kitchens, 14 bedrooms, 9 living rooms, 23 offices, 7 gyms, 7 courts, 7 swimming pools, and their matched outdoor locations. Mean NOx and NO2 concentrations in kitchens (38.0 ppb and 22.8 ppb) and swimming pools (48.0 ppb and 24.0 ppb) were significantly higher than outdoor concentrations. By contrast, the concentrations in offices (18.7 ppb of NOx and 12.0 ppb of NO2) were significantly lower than outdoor concentrations. Mean indoor/outdoor concentration ratios were 1.47 in kitchens and 2.03 in swimming pools for NOx and 1.28 in kitchens and 1.54 in swimming pools for NO2. We identified indoor NO2 concentrations were significantly increased by opening windows in bedrooms. We also found NOx concentrations were marginally increased by using LPG as a cooking fuel in kitchens. There is a concentration gradient of NO2 away from boilers near swimming pools. Conclusions-NOx emissions from outdoors and indoors, such as stove in kitchens and boilers near swimming pools, contributed to elevated NOx concentrations in all indoor microenvironments of homes and sports centers respectively. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-15T04:13:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-99-R96841018-1.pdf: 2690213 bytes, checksum: a98e02e0ca2f8fd693f0a38eaed234b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 摘要 I
ABSTRACT III 目錄 V 圖目錄 VII 表目錄 VIII 一、 前言 1 1.1. 研究背景 1 1.2. 研究目的 4 二、 文獻回顧 5 2.1. 氮氧化物的來源及變化 5 2.2. 氮氧化物的物化特性與空氣品質標準 6 2.1.1. 一氧化氮 6 2.1.2. 二氧化氮 6 2.3. 氮氧化物的健康危害 8 2.3.1. 國外研究 8 2.3.2. 國內研究 9 2.4. 氮氧化物濃度之趨勢 11 2.5. 氮氧化物在室內及室外環境濃度與個人暴露的相關研究 12 2.5.1. 室外氮氧化物濃度分佈與影響因子之關係 12 2.5.2. 室內氮氧化物濃度分佈與影響因子之關係 15 2.5.3. 氮氧化物之個人暴露 17 三、 材料與方法 20 3.1 研究架構 20 3.2 研究設計 21 3.2.1 研究區域 21 3.2.2 監測點選取 21 3.2.3 採樣時間 28 3.2.4 問卷設計 28 3.3 研究材料 29 3.3.1 儀器設備 29 3.3.2 實驗器具 29 3.3.3 藥品 30 3.4 採樣與分析方法 30 3.4.1 採樣器組裝、運送與現場設置 30 3.4.2 樣本分析 31 3.4.3 實驗室品質管制 32 3.5 資料處理與統計分析 32 四、 結果 34 4.1 實驗室品質管制 34 4.2 室外氮氧化物之水平空間分佈 37 4.2.1 室外監測點之環境描述 37 4.2.2 室外氮氧化物濃度之水平分佈 39 4.2.3 室外氮氧化物濃度之水平分佈與潛在影響因子之關係 43 4.3 室外氮氧化物之垂直空間分佈 45 4.4 室內與室外氮氧化物之空間分佈 49 4.4.1 家戶、辦公室與運動中心室內外微環境之氮氧化物濃度 49 4.4.2 家戶、辦公室與運動中心各微環境之氮氧化物Indoor/Outdoor ratio 56 4.4.3 家戶與辦公室各室內微環境的氮氧化物濃度與潛在影響因子之關係 62 五、 討論 67 5.1 室外氮氧化物之空間分佈 67 5.1.1. 室外氮氧化物濃度之水平分佈 67 5.1.2. 室外氮氧化物濃度之垂直分佈 68 5.1.3. 小結 70 5.2 室內與室外氮氧化物之空間分佈 70 5.2.1. 家戶室內外氮氧化物之濃度分佈 70 5.2.2. 辦公室室內外氮氧化物之濃度分佈 74 5.2.3. 運動中心室內外氮氧化物之濃度分佈 76 5.2.4. 小結 77 5.3 研究限制 78 六、 結論與建議 81 七、 參考文獻 83 附錄一 室內外溫度與相對溼度之變化趨勢及其影響因子 91 附錄二 監測點屬性一覽表 101 附錄三 監測點室外環境調查表 116 附錄四 居家環境特性與家戶生活習慣調查問卷 117 附錄五 辦公室室內環境與通風習慣調查問卷 120 附錄六 運動中心室內環境與通風習慣調查問卷 121 附錄七 歐洲空氣污染世代研究計畫之採樣分析標準方法 123 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 大臺北地區氮氧化物空間分佈特性之探討 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Spatial and Indoor/Outdoor Distributions of Nitrogen Oxides Concentrations in Taipei | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 98-1 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 吳章甫(Chang-Fu Wu),龍世俊(Shih-Chun Lung),張立德(Li-Te Chang) | |
dc.subject.keyword | 氮氧化物,二氧化氮,室內空氣品質,交通排放,空間分佈, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | Nitrogen oxides (NOx),Nitrogen dioxide (NO2),Indoor air quality (IAQ),Vehicle emissions,Spatial distributions, | en |
dc.relation.page | 138 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2010-01-21 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 公共衛生學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 職業醫學與工業衛生研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 職業醫學與工業衛生研究所 |
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